It is implied in Scripture that material pos- sessions and intellectual advancement are goodj and are legitimate objects of desire and pursuit. It is even an imperative duty to seek them, the obligation of the Christian being to do the most good he can, and therefore to call into requisi- tion the best means attainable. People should use the world (1 Th 4"), and if any will not work, neither ought he to eat (2 Th 3'"). Men require to be not slothful in business (Ro 12"). It follows that the intellect, which enables us to subdue the world, ought to be cultivated. But then all powers and possessions have to be subordinate to the paramount aims of Christian love and righteous- ness. The chief end and privilege of man is to glorify God (Col 3", I P4"'-").
The chief good which is attainable by man in this world is only relatively to be so described. A Christian spirit is indeed better than all riches ; it knows a peace which the world cannot give or take away (Jn U") ; its faith overcomes the world (1 Jn 5*) ; and through Christ, its Light, it derives in- struction and blessing from everything that aflects it, and often, as it were, sees heaven opened (2 Co 3"). Hence it finds all gloomy pessimistic views of life unwarrantable. But sin and pain suri-ive till death, even in all believers. A good which is alisolute and unqualified is not to be tasted there- fore on earth. The Christian, however, has the comfort and stimulus of the highest hope. A good which is perfect is anticipated as the reward of the glorified saints. It consists in their everlasting service of God (Rev 7'^"- 21^- *). G. Ferkiks.
GOODLY, GOODLINESS.— Though 'goodly' was at one time used adverbially also, it is enijiloyed in AV as an adj. only. There it is found with two ditlerent meanings (and the mod. meaning, con- siderrihlr, pretty large, ' a goodly number,' is not one of them).
1. Fair to look upon, fine, handsome. In this sense it is applied to persons, as Gn 39* ' Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured ' ; * of
• Tindale'a tr" ; Heb. INh np;, lit. 'fair of form"; LXX ««i« iS i7it, ; Vulg. ' pulchra facie,'' and Wye. ' fayr in face,' which limit the meaning, the same epithet being used of fruit (Jer W^; RV ' comely.' The Heb. epithet is often used of women, as of Rachel (Gn"29'7, where the whole phrase is exactly the siime oa is used here of Joseph, EV ' Rachel was beautiful and well favoured'), of Abigail (1 S 2S», where EV give 'of a le»ut;fal
GOODLY, GOODLINESS
GOODMAN
i'31
eaiments, as Ex 39=" 'goodly bonnets of fine linen ' ; of trees, as Ps 80'° ' the Iiouj^'hs thereof were like the goodly cedars ' ('?!<''!"i(<, lit. as AVm and RV 'cedars of God'); of cities (Dt C"), mountains (Dt 3-^), horses (Zee 10*) ; and not only of majestic things, but of vessels (2 Ch 36"'-'"), precious stones (Mt 13", Lk 21'), and even ' heri- tages' (Ps 16», Jer 3'°). It is also used of a price (Zee 11'') paid for a slave, 'a handsome price!' spoken ironically there. In illustration we have Gov. using the word of .Jerusalem, Ezk 16" ' mar- velous goodly wast thou and beutifuU, yee even a very Queene wast thou ' ; and of Tyre, 27* ' thy builders have made the marvelous goodly.' The Douay describes a cup so, Ps 23' ' Thou hast fatted my head with oyle : and my chalice inebriating how goodlie is it!' and Bacon horse- trappings (Essays, ' Of Masques,' p. 158), ' For Justs and Tourneys and Barriers, the "lories of them are chiefly ... in the Goodly Furniture of their Horses and Armour.' Fuller illustrates 2 S 23"' 'he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man' (lit., says Kirkpatrick, ' a man of appearance,' a notable man, which is explained in 1 Ch 11^ to mean 'a man of great stature,' with the addition ' live cubits high '), when he saj's {Holy IVarre, n. vii. p. 51), 'And though the Goths had a law, alwayes to choose a short thick man for their King ; yet surely a goodly stature is most majesticall.'
2. Fair in speech, agreeable : Gn 49-' ' Naphtali is a hind let loose : he giveth goodly words ' (■i?V*"19!<, a difficult passage, see Spurrell : the EV comes from Tindale, and is a good tr» of the MT).* Cf. T. Lever, Sermons {Arher'a ed. p. 73), ' ludas pretence was wondrous goodly, to sell the oyntment for a great summe of money, to relieve the poore with.'
The coinpar. and superl. of the adj. are also used in AV, ISO"' And he had a son whose name was Saul, a choice young man and a goodly : and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he ' ; IS 8'° ' your goodliest young men ' ; 1 K 20* ' thy wives also and thy children, even the goodliest, are mine ' ; I Mae 8' ' the goodliest countries.' So Shaks. Tempest, I. ii. 483^ * I have no ambition To see a goodlier man.'
Chaucer, Troiliis, ii. 880—