* Ma dame, y-wis, the ^oodlieste mayde Of greet estat in al the toun of Troye.'
The subst. goodliness occurs but once, in a
beautiful passage where it is a most appropriate tran^slation. Is 40" ' All fle.sh is gras.s, and all the
foodliness thereof is as the flower of the field.' he meaning of the Eng. word (which comes from the Bishops' Bible) is evidently ' that which makes it fair to look upon,' beauty, charm, as in Hooker, Ecdes. Polity, v. 15, ' What travail and cost was bestowed that the goodline.ss of the temple might be a spectacle of admiration to all the world ! ' The RV retains the word. But the Heb. is njn hesed, which everywhere else (and it is very com- mon) means kindness. Nearly all mod. commen- tators (Ges., Hitzig, Del., Nagels,, Chevne, Dillm., Orelli, and Oxf. Heb. Lex.) accept this solitary instance as sufiicient, supporting it by .saying, as Cheyne, that its synonj'rn Jii'n has the double sen.so of favour and gracefulnes-s. So Cov. ' bewtie ' ; • Jen. ' grace ' ; and apparently Ja 1" evTrpiveia. On the other hand, LXX gives iu^a; Vulg. 'gloria,' after which Wvc. and Dou. ' glorie,' and so the verse is quoted in IP 1" : hence Lowth emends coiint«nanco,' G«n. simply * beautiful,' LXX a^in iy^tOii t« •."ill •^tJ^I, and of FjithiT (Est 2' nK-;? njtoi "IXP1T15;, KV ' fair and beautiful,' AVm ' fair of form and ^ood of countcnanco').
• The reading of most VSS and odd. is, • Naphtali is a slender terebinth giving fortii gon<IIy tioughs'; but O. A. Smith, in Ezpoi. IV. Ser. vU. IfH), prefcra tho SIT, saying that it is • beauti- fully exprcMive of a people in the positi'm of Naphtali.*
the Ileb. to M^ri, and Ewald to \^)^ (whom Brigga follows), getting ' the glory thereof,' which does not seriously alter the translation or the meaning. Salmond (on 1 P 1^) happily illustrates the thought from Landor : ' There are no fields of amarantli on this side the grave ; there are no voices, O Khodope, that are not soon mute, however tuneful ; there is no name, with whatever emphasis of passionate love repeated, of which the echo is not faint at last.' J. Hastings.
GOODMAN. — The ordinary word for a ' man ' in Heb. (s?'i<) is once tr'' ' goodman ' in AV, Pr 7'" ' the goodman is not at home.' This has passed from Gov. through the Bishops' to AV, and it Is accepted by RV. The Gen. and Dou. have ' my husband is not at home ' ; and su Wye. 1388, ' m\ n hosebonde is not in his hows' ; but 1382, 'Thir is not a man in hir house,' after Vul^. ' Non est enim vir in domo sua.' This is exactly how the word ' goodman ' has been used in Scotland from the beginning of written speech at least, and how it is in constant use still. Jamieson quotes from Douglas, Virgil, 255, 14—
• To Vulcanis hir husband and gudemon, Within ills goldin chalmer echo began Thus for to speik.'
Once Shaks. uses the word in the same sense, putting it into the mouth of the low-bom Christo- pher Sly, Taming of t lie Shrew, Ind. ii. 107 —
*SIy. Where is my wife ?
Page. Here, noble lord : what is thy will with her T Sly. Are you my wife, and will not call me husband ?
My men should call me lord : 1 am your goodman.'
The word is found also in NT as tr° of oUoifir- Trlrrrjs, ' master of the house.' This Gr. word occurs 12 times in the Synoptics and nowhere else (Mt lO^* 13-''-" 20'- " 21» 24« Mk U'\ Lk 12=» 13=» 14-' 22" : in the last passage rj}? oUiat is added). The Vulg. rendered by ' paterfamilias' everywhere except Mk 14'* ' dominus domus,' and so Wye. gave ' housbond man ' everywhere except Mk 14'* ' lord of the lious.' Tindale introduced the i>hrase ' goodman of the house,' using it everywhere except Mt 10=5 ' lorde of the housse,' 13-''- »» 20' 21» ' house- holiler.' Cov. preferred ' "ood man of the house' in Mt 10"°, and ' householder ' in 20" ; otherwise he followed Tind., whom the rest of the versions before the Rhemish copied exactly. The Rliem. gives 'householder' in Mt 13" 20' 2\^, Lk l*^ ; 'master of the house' in Mk 14'*, Lk 14^'; else- where ' goodman of the house.' AV follows Tind. except in Mt 10"°, Lk 13"° ' master of the house.' The result is sometimes curious. Thus, as Trench points out, in the parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard, the ' householder ' of Lk 20' becomes the ' goodman of the house ' in 20". RV has redressed tins anomaly, but still presents three ditlerent translations of the word, ' m.aster of the house' in Mt lo"° 24*°, Lk 12=» 13"° 14"': 'householder' in Mt 13-''- °" 20'- " 21"' ; and ' goodman of the house ' in Mk 14", Lk 22".
The word is a combination of ' good ' and ' man' (not, says Skeat, a corruption of Anglo Sax. gum- tiian as suggested by Aldis Wright); and it is probable that the meaning 'master' arose from the meaning ' husband,' in which, it must bo reiiiembere<l, it is one of many similar combina- tions, as good-father, good-sister, etc. ; in fact, all relatives by marriage were once so designated in England, and are still so designated in Scotland. How completely the adj. portion was swallowed up in the complete word 18 illustrated by Trencu