Sileser, though the fragments of them now known o not bear his name. The period is that in which the 'shepherds 'of Israel were Zechariah, Shailuin, Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekali, and Hoshea ; when the realm of Jeroboam II., including the peoples from the Mediter. to the Euphrates, was falling to pieces before the Assyrian. The Assyr. kings speak of themselves as overthrowing a confederacy, headed by Uzziah of Judah, and extending as far as Hamath. At different times in this period they deported Israelites from the northern tribes, and from east of Jordan (1 Ch 5«- », 2 K 15-"").
Apparently, the identification of Hadrach with ^atarikka is beyond doubt, and the writer of this prophecy had this period in mind, whatever bearing these facts may have on the various critical and historical questions that arise (see bchrader, KAT* 453, and Del. Paradies, 279).
W. J. Beeciier. HAFT.—' The hoft of a knife, that whereby you have or hold it,' s.ays Trench (Study of Words, 303) ; and the two words are no doubt etymol. connected, but the connexion is not quite so immediate. Haft occurs once in AV, Jg .S-^ ' And the haft also went in after the blade ' (:s;.% the hilt of a sword, or handle of a knife). Wj'c. (who has ' pommel ' here, [13S8. ether hiltc]) uses ' haft' in Dt 19° ' the yren, slipt of fro the haft, smytith his freend, and sleet h ' (1.JS8, 'helve'). Cf. also Gower, Con/ana Amantia, iv. —
' But yet ne fond I nought the haft, Which might unto the blade accorde.'
J. Hastings. HAGAB (337, 'Ayd^), Ezr Z"".— His descendanti were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. The name, with that preceding it in Ezr, is absent from the parallel list in Neh 7, the loss being apparently due to the similarity between the names Hagabah and Hagab. It appears in 1 Es S** as Accaba.
H. St. J. Thackeray.
liAGALA
liAGAl:
HAG ABA (n;.:d, 'A-,a^d B, 'Ayyalid A), Neli 7*.— 'I'liu lii-;ul uf iuiotlier family of Nutliiniiu who re- turned from IJabi'lon witli Zerubbabel.
HAGABAH (rtjjq, •A^ojSd).— The slightly different form in wliieli the last-mentioned name appears in the parallel list in Ezr 2". In 1 Es o-* it become.^ Aggaba (AV Graba, B* cm., A 'AyyoiSd).
HAGAR (xn 'flight,' ' emigration'). — i. Thi: Nark ATIVES. — Hagar was the name of an Egj-ptian woman (Gn 16' 21") in the service of Sarai. The fact that she is expressly called an Egyptian has given rise to the conjecture that she was one of the ' maidservants ' wlio were presented by Pharaoli at the time wlien tlie Egyjitian king 'entreated Abraham well' for Sarai's sake (12'"). It would appear that Hagar stood in that intimate relation with Sarai which we find occupied bj' the maid- servants of Rebekah (24™) and of Leah and Rachel (29""-'"). She was the property of her mistress, not of lier master ; and Sarai finding that in the course of nature she could lierself have no hope of having cliildren, proposed that Abraham sliould take Hagar as his concubine. Hagar being Sarai's property, Sarai would claim Hagar's children as ner own (cf. Ilaohel and Leah in 30''). Accord- ingly, Hagar became Abraham's concubine ; and, finding herself with cliild, ajipe.ars to have suffered her>clf to indulge in expressions of exultation, as if of triumph over a <lufuated rival. The true wife and the servant cimcubine, in their jealousy and hatred, present a picture of Bedawin tent-life, true enougli to facts, however repugnant to Western ideas. Sarai bitterly resenteil the insult, ami com- plained to Abraliam. The patriarch resigned all claim over liis coiiiubine ; lie refused to interfere himself, and handed Hagar over to the tender mercies of Sarai. Sarai's harshness enraged Hagar ; and tlie latter, goaded to desperation, fled from her mistress into the wilderness. The wilderness of Shur ' before (i.e. E. of) Egyi)t ' represents probably the desert region of Jifur between I'hilistia and tlie E. borders of E^ypt proper (cf. Ex lo--'). Pre- sumably, Hagar betliought herself of fleeing to her native country ; for tlirough this desert passed the usual caravan route to E.gypt. Wliile she was resting by a -siiring in the desert the An>.;el of J" appeared to her (v.') ; bade her return to her mistress and be submissive to her ; he also en- couraged her by telling her of the son that should be born to her ; his name wjus to be Ishmael ; he would be as uutamealile as a wild ass ; he would be at war with all men ; ' in the sight of all his brethren ' slumld he live (not merelj-, ' to the E. of them,' 'jp'Sy) his wild, independent, deliant life. Hagar, according to the Hebrew trailition, gave the name Bcertithni-ru'i to the spring, because as the angel departed she realized who he was ; and she loo1<ed after him who had seen her in her atlliction ami luul comforted her. 'The well of the living one who sees me'; this was the popular interpretation of the name of the well in after- times as.sociated with the vision granted to Hagar [see Bker-lamaihcii]. 'The Bedawin even yet associate with Hagiir's name a well a ccmsiderable distance south of Beersheba in Muweilili, one of the principal stati(ms on the caravan road, .md also a rock dwelling. Bait Hagar, in the neighbour- hoo<l ' (Dillmann, in loc). Hagar wa.s obedient to the vision, and returned to iier niistres.s. The birth of Ishmael is recorded in the brief extract from P (16'°), which also mentions that Abram wa.s then eighty six years old. Eleven years had paased iitue llie call of'^Abrain.