The verb dTTOfri' is used in He 5', and the subst. iyvoTi/iaTci in He 9', to describe sin in the character of 'sin of ignorance.' For the OT conception see Nu 15, Lv 4. The main idea is that ot un- witting error or inadvertence. For such sins a sacrifice was provided, more serious in proportion to the culpability of the oHender. Thus more was expected — or ignorance was less of a plea — in the case of a priest or a ruler than in that of a private
{)erson. Sins of ignorance were sins, and therefore lad to be expiated; but they were not high- handed sins, and therefore they could be expiated. They were not renunciations of the covenant, which could not be purged with sacrifice or otVer- ing for ever, but had to be punished by exter- mination. What are commonly called ' infirmi- ties' in Christians may be said to answer now to 'sins of ignorance.' "There is a disproportion, so to speak, between our nature and our calling. We are llesh and blood, with inherited vices per- haiia, and it is our calling to be holy as God is holy. In s[iite of faith and vigilance the Christian may be overtaken in a fault. The sudden fa!!, from which the heart instantly revolts, which it coiulemns, which it deeply mourns, is the sin of ignorance under the new covenant. If we had only known, if we hail seen at the moment how it grieved God, scandalized others, hurt ourselves, we should never have done it. This leaves (lardon |Hi-.silile, and we have a High Priest, who was Himself coinpa-ssed with infirmity (though with nolle that issued in sin), that He might be able to liear gently with those who sin in ignor- ance and go astray (rojt dyrooCci xal r\al'u^UvMS, He 5'). J. De.NNKY.
IGNORANCES.— ThiB plural f<mi is given as th«
450
IJON
ILLYRICUM
tr° of iyvoiai in 1 Es 8", Sir '21V, and of ayfoj^nara in To 3», Sir 23" 51". It is a literal rendering of the Greek, and can scarcely be illustrated from Eng. Becular literature, though other abstract words like 'impenitences' are found, and thiaidii. is quoted with other meanings. HV retains the form, exceijt in 1 Es 8" 'errors.' For sins of ignorance see the previous article and article Sin. J. Hastings.
IJON d'l'V).— A town in the north part of the mountains of Naphtali, noticed ivitli Dan and Abel-betli-nia.icah in 1 K 15™ (='2 Ch 16^) as taken by the captains of the armies of Benhadad. It was captured also and depojmlated by Tiglath- pileser (2 K 15-*). The name is thouf^ht to survive in tlie Men 'Ayun or ' meadow ot springs,' a plateau N.W. of Dan. The most important site in this plateau is Tell Dibhin, iiniuodiately south of the Leontes ravine, which Robinson and others have suggested may be the site of Ijon.
LlTKRATURK.— Robinson, JSIW iii. 375; Bacdekcr-Socin, Pal.' 849 ; I'orter, Handbook (laden); Gu^rin, GaWe, u. 2S0 ; Bulil, GAP (Index, ». ' Ijon •). Q, K. CONDER.
IKKESH (ci,?!').— The father of Ira, one of David's heroes, 2 S 23 A 1 Ch ll^* 27".
ILAI ('Vy ; B 'HXe(, A 'HW ; Uai), an Ahohite, one of David's heroes (1 Ch 11**). In tlie parallel list (2 S '23-'") the name appears as Zalmon (pc^s ; B 'EXXuiy, A 2£\Xii/i, Luc. 'AXi/idr). It seems probable that the Chronicler has preserved the more correct te.\t. Klostermann conjectures l^y or •ffi'i''?N as the original form ; Wellhausen pSy : Thenius, however, adheres to the te.xt of Samuel.
J. F. Stexning.
ILIADUN (B E;Xia5oi5>', A'lX-, AV Eliadun), 1 Es 6" C^" LXX). — Perhaps to be identified with Henadad Ezr 3".
ILL. — Like 'evil' (of which it is a contraction), 'ill' is used in AV as adv., adj., and subst. The only occurrence of the subst. is Ro 13'° ' Love worketh no ill to his neighbour' (<ta/c(5y). Cf. Rhem. NT Note to Mt 3'" ' It is not only dam- nable to doe U, but also not to doe good.' The adj. was formerly, with the meaning of ' bad,' ajriplicd to persons as well as things. Thus in the Rhem. NT, the Note on 'Thamar' (Mt P) is, 'Christ abhorred not to take flesh of some that were U, as he chose Judas among his Apostles : let us not disdaine to receive our spiritual birth and sus- tenance of such as be not al«ayes good ' ; and in the Note on the Penitent Thief (Lk 23-") occurs, ' Leame only not to despaire, though thou hast been U [ = wicked] to the last moment of thy life.' Again, T. Adams on 1 P 1* says, ' If thy words and works be iU meal, thank the miller, thy heart, for gnch corrupt thoughts ' ; and on 1' ' The husband told his wife that he had one ill quality, he was given to be angry without cause ; she wittily re- plied that she would keep him from that fault, for she would give him cause enough.' The adj. occurs in Dt 15^' 'any ill blemish ' ; Jl 2-° ' his ill savour' ; Jth 8^ 'ill word' ; Wis 5^, Sir 29' 'ill dealing'; Q"* 'ill tongue,' 41" 'ill name.' The adv. is found in Gn 4.'?'' ' AAHierefore dealt ye so ill with me?' Job 20-'<', Ps lOe^- ' go ill'; Is"3" 'be ill ' ; Jer 40* ' seem ill ' ; Mic 3* ' they have behaved themselves ill in their doings' ; and Wis 18'° ' an ill according cry ' {aaviiipioiio^ fio-q) ; as well as in the phrase 'ill-favoured,' Gn 41»-«- 1"-™- "i. 27^ for which see Favour, and cf. North, Phitarrh, 8S9, ' He had no further leysure, but to cast an ill-favoured cloke about him, the first that came to hand, and disguising himselfe to tlie for life ' ; Fuller, Profnne State, V. 3, p. 365, 'The susi)icion is increased if the party accused be notoriously ill-favoured ; whereas