E. VOLUUES. ARTICLES. ETC.. FKi.v /s. iO-«S.—(l) On general questions of Introduction :— Bunsen, Gott in der Gesch. i. 3S3 ff.; Riickert, Ueb. Propheten iibers. u. erlautcrt, i. ; R. SLier, Jes. nicht pseudo^es.. Barmen, 18.'i0 ; A. Rutgers, De echtlieid van het tweede grdeelte van Jez. aangeloond, Leiden, 1866(not seen) ; Ldhr, Zur Frage iiber die echtheit von Jes. l,o~60, 1376-80 (not seen); Klostermann in ^(sc/ir./ur Aw/A. 7'//co/. 1876; The Old Is., Moody Stuart, Edin. 1880; Cobb in Bibliutli. Sacra, 1882; A. B. D[avidson], review of Del.'s Isaiah in Theol. Review, iv. ; T. K. Cheyne, review of Is. 1,0-60 (' Expos. Bible') in Expositor, 1891, i., "also art. in JQR, 1892 ; Luciun (iautier in Reims Chritienne, March 1893, 176 ff.; Geiger, Jiidisclie Ztschr. vi. xi. (according to Cheyne), asserts plurality of authors ; on text and rhvthm of several sections, K. Budde, ZATW, 1891 ; J. Lev, Hist. Erklarung des ilen Teils d. Jes. 1893, also in SE, 1899, 163 ff. See also Cheyne, Jeioish Religious Life aj'tcr the Exile, 1898 ; and Ed. Konig, Tlie Exiles' BookofCoiwolation{Kt\inhur^^h, T. & T. Clark, 1899). Both these were published too late to be taken account oi in the present article.
(2) On the contemporary history (besides some of the historical works cited on Is 1-39, and general histories of Israel, Babylon, and Persia) :^J. Hal6vy, 'Cyrus et le Rutour de I'Exil' in RE J i. 1880; Feilchenfeld, Die jiidisctien Gegner der Heimkehr etc. unter Cyrus (reprint from ' Jiibelschrift fiir Dr. Hildeshoimcr, Frankfort, n. d.); Sayce, Fresh Light from the Ancient Monu- ments ; on the stele of Nabonidus, Scheil in Recueil de Travaux, etc., ed. by Maspero, xriii. 1896 (not seen); C. H. W. Johns in Expository Times, 1896 ; Messerschmidt, Miitheilungen der Vorderasiat. Gesellschaft, pt. i. 1896 (not seen).
(3) On the general theology of Is 40-60 :— Duhm, Theol. der Propheten, 1875; F. Hermann Kriiger, Essai sur la th4ologie d'Esaie xl.-lxvi., Paris, 1881 ; A. B. Davidson, artt. in Expositor, 1883-84 ; Kirkpatrick, Doctrine of the Prophets, 1892.
(4) On the Servant of J" : — Schenkcl, ' Krit. Versuch iiber den Knecht Gottes ' in SK, 1836 (not seen) : G. F. Oehler, Der KneiM J" im Deuterojes., Stuttgart, 1865 (not seen); A. Wiinsche, Leiden des Messias; A. B. Davidson, 'The Servant of the Lord in Isaiah,' in Brit, and For. Evang. Rev. 1872 ; Tayler Lewis, 'The Purifving Messiah: Interpr. of Is. 6213' In Bibl. Sacra, 1873, 166 ff. (not seen); Westminster Rev. Oct. 1876; Urwick, The Servant of J", 1877; O. Taylor, 'Interpr. of D'l: .1)" in Joum. of Phil. 1979, 62 ff. ; 0. H. H. Wright, 'Pre-Chr. Jewish Interpretations of Is. 53,' Expositor, May 1888 ; Briggs, Mes. sianic Prophecy ; John Forbes (of Aberdeen), On the .Servant of the Lord, 1890; G. F. Datoian, Is. -^'S, 1890; Driver and Neubauer, with introduction by Pusey, The 5Srd Ch. of Is. ace. to Jewish Interpreters, 2 vols. O"xford, 1876, 1877 ; M. Schian, Die Ebed-Jahwe Lieder, Halle, 1895 ; Sellin, Seruhbabel, 189S ; Laue, Die Ebed-Jahwe Liedtr, 1898 ; Bertholet, Zu Jesaja 63 : etn Erklarungsversuch, 1899. The Ia.^t three appeared too late to be taken account of in the present article.
F. Besides the above there have been a number of purely practical and homiletic volumes on Isaiah. A. Marloratus, Esai Proph. cum catholica expositions ecclesiastica, Paris Stephan 1564; BuUinger, Is. Expositus Homiliis cxc., 1567; Sibbes' Bruised Reed, etc., vol. i. of his works, ed. Aberdeen; 1809 ; J. Smith (c Campbelton), Summary View and Explana- tion of Prophets (not seen), 1787 ; Macculloch (minister o.'
ISAIAH, ASCENSION' OF
ISAIAH, ASCE^■SION OF 49S
Dalraiei, Ltctures on thr Proph. of It., 4 vols., Edin. 1791-1804 ; J. Stock, Bk. oj Proph. la., Bath, 180.) ; Fruser (minister of Kirk- hiU), Comm. on Proph. of It., bfintj a paraphr. vilh notes, 1800 ; r. D. Maurice, Propheti and Kiiuja of OT, xiiL- xvlii. 1852 ; Pcrownc, Semwim, 1S74, ' Exp. ot I» S'»-9' ' ; W. G. Elmglie's Memoir and Sennonn. 'The Making of a Prophet,' II 61-e, 1890; Driver, Smmiui on OT, II. 'Isaiah's Vision," III. 'Ideals of the Prophets," lha2 ; K. Kittel, Aut dtm Leben da Proph. Jet. (sermons), Uutha. Ib'M (not seen); E. King, Pract. RfJUctiont on every Verte of la., 1894 ; W Kelly, Exp. of Bk. of It., 1897 (not seen). G. A. SMITH.
ISAIAH, ASCENSION OF.— i. Contents of the Ethiopic Book. — The book falls into two parts : {A) The Martyrdom of Isaiah, (iJ) The Ascension of Isaiah into the Seventh Heaven. The bracketed sections are jrenerally regarded as interpolations.
A. Hezekiah summons Manasseli, his son, to deliver to him revelations which he had received in his sickness, and writinj^s of the prophet Isaiah. The prophet, who is present, declares that Manas.seh will not re^'ard instruction, but will cause hira to be sawn asunder. After the death of Hezekiah (ch. 2), Manasseli turns to evil ways, and Isaiah retires with other prophets, first to Bethlehem, and then to the mountains beyond it. The false prophet Belkira (ch. 3) discovers his retreat, and accuses him before M,-inas.seh on three grounds : lirst, that he has propliesied the destruction of Jerusalem ; secondly, that whereas Moses had said. No man can see God and live, Isaiah had said, I have seen God, and, behold, I live ; thirdly, that he had called Jerusalem and the princes and i)eople of Judah by the names of Sodom and Gomorrah.