" In the m»lnlen»noe of the hereililiir.v principle we may we, prolMibly, the chief caua« of Uie longer duration of the SouUieni Kin^'iloni.
I 1-or the exlatenc* ot tM» ■•ni>lii-e in Eg>-pl at ooronatlona, cf. T. T. rcrowne in Suiitli" l)l>' I. 1:17.
I W, 11 Siiiltli (A> pp. 21i, *K) .Miijecturr* (n) from Pa 4.v>, conij>an-«1 Willi la (11*. that the anoiiitiiic "f Win^:* waa jiart of the cen-iii<<ii> ••( Invi-ettntc tlirui in tbr ti-^ul ttrrfoi ami onianirnu appr»»pn'atr to tlielr dik'uily (rf. Ca X'-)-. (6) from the original UHc ot aiiiiii«] fat, Uiat ainuiitini; mt-ant the Iranaferenoa of the llvini; virluea ot the aiilnia) •l«in. He alxi «ee« in the vary act of applyintr (he oinlnirnt orikTinally a form of hnma^.
i CLKlrkpntri.-li on I 8 1S'». Perhajia Uie jarrlin (pT|) In Uio hand of Joshua waa aa luurh a ivtnbol of authority aa • I weatwn (Joa If')
842
KIXG
nse of the spear tomes into question, and in the fourth and iiftli he wius engaged in war.
(r) Croum or diadem (iij), of Saul on the battle- field (2 S l'" [E']), therefore light and probahly a fillet of silk; and of Joash (2 K 11'^ || 2 Ch 23", cf. Ps SO^* 132"); with stones (Zee 9'"). See, further, Crown, §§ 3, 4, and Diadem.
(rf) Bracelet (nnvs), also of Saul (2 S 1'"), and in plur. prob. (by emendation) of Joash (2 K 11'-). See Bracelet.
(<;) Throne ("53)1 presupposed in numerous i)ro- mises and commands (e.g. Dt 17", 1 S 2', 2 S 3'° 713. le i49_ 2 K ICP, Jer l'3'»). Davids is used by Solomon (1 K 2'-), who in audience places another throne for his mother (v."), but afterwards has a costly new one made for liiraself (1 K lO'*'""), as well as a porch for it (1 K 7').
(f) A jdace of honour in the temple (Ezk 46''' and perhaps 2 K 23').
(a) Palace (n;~, S;'rr, [to-ix).— Solomon's (1 K V''^) had apparently three chief parts, the Great Hall (or House of tlie Forest of Lebanon), the porch of judgment, and the porch or ordinary reception room, besides the private apartments, rich with cedar beams and pillars. So Jehoiakim's was cieled with cedar and painted with vermilion (Jer 22"). Ahab's was of ivory, i.e. probably panelled with it (1 K 22"', cf. Ps 45'*).
{h\ The royal chariot (33-i). — Nowhere expressly included among the insimiia of the king, but perhaps implied by the aniilogy of Egypt (Gn 41'"), and the imjiortance that chariots held in the estab- lishment both of the king and of the nobility (1 S 8», 1 K 9" 10=«, Is 22>», Jer 17=» 22*). Hence the fact that Absalom and Adonijah set up a chariot and attendant runners (2 S 15', 1 K 1') indicated their claim to semi-royal state. See CHARIOT.
(i) I'he royal harem (2 S 10-').
(j) The bodyguard, primarily of Philistine mer- cenaries (Cherethites, Pelethites, and Gittites, 2 S 8'8 [J'] 15'8 [J']) and perhaps Carians (2 K II''- '»), who may also have been the royal butchers (see W. R. Smith, OTJC^ pp. 260-263,' and art. Chere- thites). They were apparently identical with the ' mighty men '(IK 1«- 1"- ^).*
IV. Duties of the King.— 1. In war.— As pre- parations for war called the kingdom into exist- ence, so it continued to be the principal function of the king to direct warlike operations, and to see that the land was well defended by fortresses and possessed the material of war {e.ff. 1 K 12-'^-, 2 Ch 17= 26''- ;» 32=-»). Naturally the nucleus at least of a standing army was always maintained, probably the bodyguard (see above), the whole fighting force of the nation being called out only as needed (see Army). Sometimes also the king employed a large force of mercenaries (2 Ch 25').
2. Judicial. — In Eastern even more than in Western lands the supreme court of appeal is the sovereign in person, and in Eastern lands more particularly each litigant, however humble, has the right of bringing his cause before the king if the latter has time to hear it (cf. 2 S 14"'- 15', 1 K S'""-). Hence the fact that Jotham judged the people was a sign that he completely took his father's place (2 K 15°). So, too, right judgment is almost equivalent to a good rule (Is 16'). Some- times, perhaps, the king was called ' the judge ' (so of Moab, Am 2').t
Through this concentration of the judicial functions it is probable that the powers of the ' elders ' diminislied, and that thus there was the more need for the royal judges whom Jehoshaphat
• But eiirely not with ' the governors of the people * mentioned In 2 Ch 2320, u Smith's DB^i. 1245, suggests.
t Not in Dt 17» 12 (Benzinger, Arch. p. 308), for the singular Ihere is either generic and = plural in 1917- w, or it refere to a Dreaident of l»y judges (bo Driver)^
KING
sent throughout Judah, whose head was ' the rulet of the house of Judah ' (2 Ch 1<J»- "). They seem however, to have become even more amenable to bribery than the elders (see below). Solomon, as stated above, built a special porch for judgment (1 K 7'). It i» also worthy of note that the king seems to have had no power to originate laws (even Josiah's reform is based on the book that had been found, 2 K 23'-'), and tliat he himself was under law (1 K 21^"-, Dt 17").