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Dictionary of the Bible
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Dictionary of the Bible
DEALING WITH ITS
LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND CONTENTS
INCLUDING THE BIBLICAL THEOLOGY
EDITED BY
JAMES HASTINGS, M.A., D.D.
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
JOHN A. SELBIE, M.A.
AND, CHIEFLY IN THE REVISION OF THE PROOFS, OF
A. B. DAVIDSON, D.D., LL.D. 5. R. DRIVER, D.D., Lrrr.D.
PROFESSOR OF HEBREW, NEW COLLEGE, EDINBURGH REGIUS PROFESSOR OF HEBREW, OXFORD
H. B. SWETE, D.D., Lirr.D.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, CAMBRIDGE
VOLUME 117
KIR—PLEIADES
NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS EpuvsureH: T. ἃ T. CLARK
1911
ΟΟΡΥΒΙΘΗΤ, 1900, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
The Rights of Translation and of Reproduction are reserved
PREFACE
Tas DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, as stated in the Preface to Volumes I. and 11. already published, is intended as a contribution towards furnishing the Church for the great work of teaching. It is a Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, together with the Old Testament Apocrypha, according to the Authorized and Revised Versions, with constant reference to the original tongues. Every effort has been used to make the information it contains as full, reliable, and accessible as possible.
1. As to fulness. In a Dictionary of the Bible we expect an explanation of all the words occurring in the Bible which do not explain themselves. The present Dictionary meets that expectation more nearly than any work hitherto published Articles will be found on all the Persons and Places that are mentioned in the Bible, on its Archeology and Antiquities, its Ethnology, Geology, and Natura! History, its Theology and Ethics, and on such words occurring in the Authorized or Revised Version as are now unintelligible or liable to misapprehension. Much attention has been given to the language, literature, religion, and customs of the nations around Israel. The Versions have been fully treated. Articles have been contributed on the Apocalyptic and other uncanonical writings of the Jews, as well as on such theological or ethical ideas as are believed to be contained in the Bible though their modern names are not found there.
2. As to reliability. The writers have been chosen out of respect to their scholarship and nothing else. The articles have all been written immediately and solely for this Dictionary, and, except the shortest, they are all signed. Even the shortest, however, have been contributed by writers of recognized ability and authority. In addition to the work upon it of authors and editors, every sheet has passed through the hands of the three eminent scholars whose names are fcund on the title-page.
3. As to accessibility. The subjects are arranged in alphabetical order, and under the most familiar titles. All the modern devices of cross-reference and black-lettering have been freely resorted to, so that in the very few instances in which allied subjects have been grouped under one heading (such as ΜΈΡΙΟΙΝΕ in this volume) the particular subject wanted will be found at once. Proper Names are arranged according to the spelling of the Revised Version, but wherever it
seemed advisable the spelling of the Authorized Version is also given, with a cross- vii
viii PREFACE
reference. The Abbreviations, considering the size and scope of the work, will be seen to be few and easily mastered. A list of them, together with a simple scheme for the uniform transliteration of Hebrew and Arabic words, will be found on the following pages.
It is with devout thankfulness that the Editor sees this third volume of an arduous though congenial work issued within reasonable limits of time. The fourth volume is in progress, and may be looked for next year. He has pleasure in again expressing his thanks to many friends and fellow-workers, including the authors of the various articles. But especially he desires to thank the members of the editorial staff, the publishers, the printers, and (without mentioning others whose names have already appeared in the Preface to Vols. I. and 11.) Mr. G. F. Hii of the Department of Coins and Medals in the British Museum for assistance and advice in the preparation of the illustrations to the article on the Monkry of the Bible.
*.” Messrs. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, have the sole right οἱ publication of this DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE in the United States and Canada.