A study of the locality together with the state- ment of Josephus (BJ If. x. 2) has convinced the present writer that the name Ladder of Tyre was not applied to either of these promontories alone. Speaking in succession of the mountains of Galilee and “armel, Josephus says that which the natives call the Ladder of the ‘lyrians ‘is the highest of all* Rds en-Nakirah, which is only 223 it. high,
* Suggested perhaps by ὁρίων which follows. VOL. 111.—2
does not answer the description ; neither does Rds el-Abyad, which, in addition, is not visible from Acre. It could apply only to the lofty ridge N. of the plain, measuring some 8 miles across, and rising to a height of over 1000 ft., which, as it sinks seaward, throws off three distinct headlands, terminating abruptly on the shore: Rds el-Mu- shewifeh, Kas en-Nalctirah, and Ras el-Abyad. The two former, being close together, are often spoken of as one under the name of the second. ‘These western spurs, barring the approach to the Phoeni- cian plain, doubtless suggested the name, ‘ Ladder of the Tyrians,’ applied to the whole mountain.
LiTERATURE.—Robinson, Later Researches, 66, 89; Stauley. Sinai and Pal. 264, 266, 269; Thomson, Land and Book, ii. 246, 263, 265; Neubauer, Géog. du Talm. 39; PEF Mem. i. 143, 192; Maundrell, Early Travels in Palestine (Bohn); Baedeker, Pal. and Syr.? 271. W. EwInc.
LADE.—The mod. form ‘load’ occurs in AV 1611 twice, Is 461 ‘your carriages were heavie loaden,’ and Ps 08:9 ‘Blessed be the Lord, who daily loadeth us with benefits.’ Elsewhere the form is ‘lade,’ which is now used only of ships. T. Fuller, Holy and Profane State, p. 359, says, ‘The ship may have Castor and Pollux for the badge, yet notwithstanding have S. Paul for the lading.’
J. HASTINGS.
LADY.—This word occurs six times in AV, translating three different words. (1)n 23 gébhereth, which means ‘ mistress’ and is so translated every- where else (viz. Gn 164-8: 9, 2 K 53, Ps 123%, Pr 30%, Is 24°), is translated ‘lady’ in Is 475. 7, a tr® which has come down from Wyclif. RV retains ‘lady,’ but Amer. RV prefers ‘ mistress.’
(2) my sarah, the name of Abraham’s wife, signifies ‘ princess,’ which is its tr. in 1 Καὶ 118 and La in AV and RV. But in Jg 5%, Est 118 AV gives ‘lady,’ which RV changes to ‘princess’ in the second passage ; the same change should have been made in the first also. In Is 49% both have ‘queen,’ with A Vm ‘princess.’
(3) In NT κυρία, which oceurs only 2 Jn}, is translated ‘lady,’ a tr® which again comes from Wyclif. In this case the tr® is much disputed, some taking the word as a proper name. See art. JOHN, EPISTLES OF, vol. ii. p. 740f.
As in the sense of master ‘lord’ has nearly passed out of use, except in its application to Christ, so ‘lady’ in the sense of mistress is rapidly passing away, except in reference to the Virgin Mary.* The Douay version of La 1! was originally ‘ How doth the citie ful of people sit solitarie : how is the ladie of the Gentils become as a widow?’ But the modern editions have “mistress’ for ‘ladie.’ Ci. Gn 164 Wyc. ‘And Agar seigh that sche hadde conseyved, and sche dispiside hir ladi’; and Is 477 Coy. ‘and thou thoughtest thus, I shalbe lady for ever.”
J. HASTINGS.
LAEL (5x5, BA Δαήλ. Lue. Δαουήλ ; O.L. [Lyons MS] Dael;—apparently an error extending through all known copies of the LXX, and earlier than the O.L.).—A Gershonite Levite, Nu 3%. The name means ‘belonging to God,’ and is interesting as being almost the enly example in OT of such a formation (preposition + divine name). The idea ioe a by it ‘appears to rest on a reflection which must have been foreign to the highest antiquity’ (Nol- deke, WZKM, 1892, p. 314, quoted in Gray, Heb. Proper Names, p. 207; ef. also Wellhausen, Reste*, P. 7). ‘The nearest Semitic parallel to it adduced
y Néldeke is the Palmyrene vox) ‘belonging to the sun.’ J. A. SELBIE.
LAHAD (775).—A Judahite family name, 1 Ch 4 (B Aadé, A Adé).
LAHAI-ROI.—See BEER-LAHAI-ROL
* In the ‘ glosses’ as they were called, #.e. marginal notes, te the fragment of NT printed by Tindale in 1525, there occurs at Mt 135 ‘it followeth not that Joseph knew our lady afterward. In the notes to the NT of 1538, ‘Mary’ is substitute? for ‘our lady.’
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18 LAHMAM
LAMB
LAHMAM (o>r5, perh. textual error for 0375, which is adopted by RVm Lahmas, following LXX Maxés and Luc. Aauuds).—A town of Judah, noticed with others near the foot of the hills, Jos 15”. There is a ruin called el-Lahm, near Beit Jibrin, which is a possible site (cf. Tobler, Dritte Wanderung, 129; SW EP vol. iii. sheet xx.). C. R. CONDER.
LAHMI. — The name an in our copies of Chronicles to a certain Philistine giant. The statement is: ‘And smote Elhanan.. . Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite’ (1 Ch 20%). But the parallel statement is: ‘ And smote Elhanan . . . the Bethlehemite Goliath the Gittite’ (28 21"). Any one who will compare these, as written in Hebrew characters, will find reason to think that one is a copy of the other, and that one copyist or the other misread his copy. Probably the reading in Samuel is correct, and the word Lahmi Cant-ny) is properly a part of the word Bethlehemite (‘p77 m3), the giant in question being a relative and namesake of the Goliath whom David slew (but see art. DAVID, vol. i. p. 562°, and ef. Driver, Zext of Sam. p. 272). W. J. BEECHER.