ournal of Hellenic Studies (1897), p. 404 ff., and Weber in Jahrbiich. des Arch. Instituts (1898), pt. i., supplement that
work. Among the older travellers Hamilton gives the best account; but Smith, Pococke, Chandler,
Arundell, Fellows, Texier, are all worth reading.
W. M. Ramsay.
LAODICEANS (Λαοδικεῖς, Latin Laodicenses) is the correct term for the people of Laodicea (Col 418, Λαοδικεύς is the invariable form on coins. Aaodicnvés is used in the sense of ‘made in, or belonging to, Laodicea’; and in Latin Laodicenus also occasionally is used for a man of Laodicea.
W. M. Ramsay.
LAPPIDOTH (nivsb ‘torches,’ ‘flames,’ cf. Ex 2018; B Λαφειδώθ, A Aagidé0).— Husband of Deborah, {5 4. For the form of the name, with the fem.
lur. ending -éth, ef. Naboth, Meremoth, Meraioth, eremoth, Mikloth; prob. an intensive plur. (Konig, Syntax αἰ. Heb. Spr. § 261), perhaps with a figura- tive meaning (Bottcher, Lehrbuch, §719a). Jewish commentators, e.g. D. Kimchi, Levi ben-Gershom, identify Lappidoth (‘flames’) with Barak (‘light- ning’); so Hilliger, Das Deborah-lied 11; Wellh., Composition p. 223; Budde, Richt. u. Sam. . 69. Other Jewish interpretations explain that eborah was ‘a woman of torches,’ 7.e. made wicks for the sanctuary, or, ‘a woman of flames,’ refer- ring to the fiery or energetic character of her prophesying. These explanations are improbable.
G. A. COOKE. LAPWING.—See Hoopoe.
LARGE.—Like Lat. Jargus, ‘large’ formerly expressed abundance rather than bulk. Its mean- ings in AV are all practically obsolete, and are apt to be missed. 1, Spacious, of great extent, as Jg 18! ‘When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land’ (5:1; nam ὑπ), RV ‘and the land is large’; lit. ‘spacious on both hands’); Neh 419 ‘The work is great and large, and we are separated upon the wall, one far from another’; Is 30% ‘In that day shall thy cattle feed in large pastures’; Jer 224 51 will build me a wide house and large chambers’ (o°"}7> nvby, AVm ‘through-aired chambers’; RV ‘spacious chambers’); Rey 9116 ‘And the city lieth four- square, and the length is as large as the breadth’ (RV ‘as great as the breadth’). Cf. Howell, Letters, τ. i. 5, ‘I pray God bless us both, and send us, after this large Distance, a joyful meet- ing.’ 2. Unconfined, free, as 2S 2950} Ps 18° ‘He brought me forth also into a large place’ (27>, tr’ ‘a large place,’ also in Ps 118°, Hos 415, but in Ps 318 ‘a large room,’ RV ‘a large place’; except in Hos (where see Cheyne’s note), 1t is an expres- sion denoting great prosperity. De Witt trans- lates Ps 18% ‘He brought me forth into room unconfined,’ and points out that the opposite is the ‘calamity,’ or ‘sore pressure’ of the previous verse); 2 Es 118. 1 led you through the sea, and in the beginning gave you a large and safe pas- sage’ (plateas vobis in invio munitas exhibui, RV ‘where there was no path I made for you high-
LARGE
45
ways’). Cf. Mt 7% Rhem., ‘Enter ye by the natrow gate, because brode is the gate, and large is the way that leadeth to perdition.? So Hall, Works, ii. 2, ‘None but a sonne of Aaron might offer incense to God in the temple; and not every sonne of Aaron, and not any one at all seasons: God is a God of order, and hates confusion no lesse than irreligion : albeit he hath not so straitned himselfe under the Gospell, as to tie his service to persons, or places, yet his choice is now no lesse curious because it is more large; he allowes none but the authorised, he authoriseth none but the worthy.’ Cf. also Shaks. ds You Like It, τι. vii. 48—
*I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind, To blow on whom I please’ ;
and Hamlet, Iv. iv. 36—
“Sure, He, that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and godlike reason
To fust in us unused.’ 3. Liberal in giving, only Mt 9813 ‘They gave large money unto the soldiers’ (Tindale’s tr., Gr. ἀργύρια ἱκανά). This meaning was once very common. Thus Shaks. 2 Henry VI. τ. i. 111—
‘the poor King Reignier, whose large style Agrees not With the leanness of his purse’;
and Dryden, Brit. Red. i. 86—
‘Large of his treasures, of a soul so great As fills and crowds his universal seat.’
In Gal 611 we have the nearest approximation to the modern use, ‘Ye see how large a letter I have written unto you with mine own hand.’ The Gr. is σηλίχοις γράμμασιν, which RV translates ‘with how large letters,’ introducing the modern meaning of ‘large’ unmistakably. Field (Otiwm Norv. iii. 117), who calls the RV the only possible rendering, says, ‘St. Paul was a very indifferent penman, and when he did not employ an amanuensis, was obliged to write in very large and, probably, ill-shaped characters.’ He illustrates from Plutarch’s Cato: ‘In describing Cato’s method of educating his son, the historian tells us that he wrote histories for him with his own hand and in large characters’ (ἰδίᾳ χερὶ καὶ μεγάλοις γράμμασιν). The Eng. word recalls Milton's Sonnet ‘ New Forces of Οπβοΐθηοθ᾽--
‘New Presbyter is but old Priest writ iarge.’
The phrase ‘at large’ occurs Wis 19° ‘ For they went at large like horses’ (ἐνεμήθησαν, Vulg. de- paverunt [escam]; RV ‘they roamed at large’); Sir 47” ‘After him [David] rose up a wise son, and for his sake he dwelt at large’ (κατέλυσεν ἐν πλατυσμῷ : Bissell explains, ‘He was no more full of care for this and that; he gave up all to the management of his wise son.’ But Ball (QPB), ‘Solomon enjoyed ease and freedom for David’s sake’); 2 Mae 2° “Τὸ stand upon every point, and go over things at large, and to be curious in particulars, belongeth to the first author of the story’ (ep! πάντων ποιεῖσθαι λόγον, RV ‘to in- dulge in long discussions,’ RVim ‘ to provide a place for discussions.’ Fritzsche prefers the reading of codd. A and V περίπατον ποιεῖσθαι λόγων, ‘to make the round of matters’). Cf. Rhem. NT, p. 204 (Argument to John’s Gospel), ‘the intent of this evangelist writing after the other three, was, to omit the Actes of Christ in Galilee, because the other three had written them at large; and to reporte his Actes done in Turie, which they had omitted.’