4, npwe (or mvs) is a general term ; applied to the plant (Jos 25), to the raw material (Jg 15", Pr 31"), to heckled flax (Is 19°), to threads in a mixed web (Dt 22"), to cloth (Lv 13*7*-), to the prophet’s girdle (Jer 131), to a measuring-line (Ezk 40°), and to the sacred garments of the priests (Ezk 44! 5), See FLAX.
8. 710, an article of fine stuff, of domestic manu- facture (Pr 31%), and highly esteemed as a luxury (Is 3%). The oo of Samson’s challenge to the Philistines (Jg 1412: 18) were wrappers ‘worn as an outer garment,’ or ‘as a night wrapper on the naked body.’ They were sometimes used as curtains (Mishna, Joma iii. 4), and also as shrouds (Talm. Jerus., Kilaim ix. fol. 325). For these purposes sheets of considerable size would be necessary (Moore, Judges, in loc.). With this the Greek owédv corresponds. It is the linen cloth or dress in which the young man wrapped himself (Mk 14"), and again it is a winding-sheet (Mt 27, Mk 1645, Lk 23°).
6. pox (AV ‘fine linen,’ RV ‘yarn,’ Pr 7:5), by a Syriacism for pox from an unused root jpx ‘to bind together’ (Gesenius). With this may be com- pared the Arab ’wsun, ‘tent ropes.’ The fine thread or yarn of Egypt was most probably linen. That the ornamentation of coverings or tapestry for which it was used is here intended, is supported by the renderings of LXX and the Vulgate, which are ἀμφίταποι and pict@ tapetes respectively.
7. ὀθόνη (Ac 10" 115) is the sheet let down from heaven in St. Peter’s vision; while ὀθόνια (Jn 19” 205 6-7) are the strips of cloth with which the body was bound, after being wrapped in the σινδών.
8. A coarse cloth made of unbleached flax, ὠμόλινον, was worn by the poorer classes (Sir 40°).
A combination of animal and vegetable products in dress was prohibited to the Israelites. A kind of cloth was sometimes made of which the woof was cotton and the warp linen (Julius Pollux, Onom. vii. 17. Quoted by Wilk. Anc. Egyp. iii. 118). Such may have been neve (LXX κίβδηλον), a word of obscure origin, but denoting a mixed stulf of wool and linen (Lv 19”, ef. Dt 22").
Linen Yarn.—m >, p> (1 K 10°, 2 Ch 116. For
mikweh Buxtorf gives netum filatim quod in Algypto magni usus et pretii. He notes, how- ever, that on 1 K 10% 10. Sal. whi accipit mp> pro apox, collectione, congregatione vectigalis. RV renders in each case ‘drove.’ Perhaps the text is corrupt. LXX B has for mp> ἐκ Θεκοῦε, ‘from Tekoa,’ Luc. ἐκ Kwd, Vulg. Coa. Winckler (Alttest. Untersuch. 168 ff., ef. Altorient. Forsch. i. 28), followed by Hommel and others, finds here a reference to Awé (i.e. Cilicia). Anc. Eoyptiana, ili, 115-128, 484; Herodotus, ii. 36, 86, 182, tii. 47; Josephus, Ant, πὶ, vi. 1, vil. 1, 2; Schroeder, de Vest. Mul. pp. 339, 361, ete. ; Hartmann, Hebrierin, ii. p. S40, ete. W. EwIna.
LiteRATURE.—Wilkinson,
LINTEL
126
LINTEL.—See Housk in vol. ii. p. 434".
LINUS (Alvos) —One of the Christians who joined with Eubulus, Pudens, and Claudia in a salutation at the end of 2 Ti. This Epistle was written from Rome, and it is generally allowed that this Linus is identical with one of the first bishops of Rome. The identification goes back to Irenzus (c. Her. Il. iii. 3). It is considered that he was, if we omit St. Peter’s name, the first bishop of Rome, though Tertullian (de Preser. 32) implies that Clement was the first. Nothing is really known of his life and episcopate, which Eus. (HE iii. 13) says lasted twelve years. Many questions have been raised about him: for instance, as to whether he was bishop before St. Peter's death or not, and whether he may not have been con- temporary with Clement, and have exercised his office as bishop of the Gentile Christians only, whilst perhaps Clement was bishop of the Jewish Christians. The date of his episcopate has been variously given, the extreme limits being A.D. 66-67 and A.D. 68-80. Harnack, in his latest work, dates the episcopate of Linus A.D. 64-76. It is asserted in the Greek Mena that he was one of the Seventy. Various works are ascribed to him, but without foundation: (1) the acts of St. Peter and St. Paul; (2) an account of St. Peter’s controversy with Simon Magus; and (3) certain decrees in which he ordered women to appear in church with covered heads. He is commemorated in the Roman Service books on Sept. 23, where the following account is given of him :—
‘The pontiff Linus, who was born at Volterra, in Etruria, was the first ruler of the Church after Peter. His faith and holiness were so great that he not only cast out devils, but also restored the dead to life. He wrote the history of St. Peter, and in particular of his opposition to Simon Magus. He ordered that no women should appear in church unveiled. He was beheaded, because of his adherence to the Christian faith, by the order of Saturninus, whose daughter he had set free from demoniacal possession, He was buried in the Vatican, near the Prince of the Apostles, on Sept. 23. He was bishop for eleven years, two months, and twenty-three days, during which he consecrated