§ The same Heb. expression is used in Gn 25%, where Esau'e appearance is compared to that of a hairy mantle (AV and RV
‘yarment’)
240 MANUSCRIPTS
aaa LL
MAK
4. arey (B ἐπιβύλαιον, A and Lue. δέῤῥι5) occurs once only, Jg 415, of the article with which Jael covered Sisera. AV has ‘mantle,’ RV ‘rug,’ AVm ‘rug or blanket.’ Either ‘rug’ or ‘ tent-curtain’ is probably the meaning. See notes of Moore and Budde, ad loc.
In addition to the above, RV introduces ‘ mantle’ in (a) Ru 3” (AV ‘vail’; AVm ‘sheet or apron’) as tr® of nofy2, which in the pl. nindsp is rendered by AV ‘wimples’ and RV ‘shawls’ in Is 3%, the only other occurrence of the Heb. word. The root [π58] means ‘ to extend or spread.’ Dillm. (on Is 3%) and Bertholet (on Ru 3) give ‘shawl’; Oxf. Heb. Lex. ‘cloak’; Siegfried-Stade ‘plaid’; LXX has in Ru περίζωμα. See also art. Dress in vol. i. 6271.03 : (6) The ‘veil’ of AV (so also RVm) is changed by RV into ‘mantle’ in Ca 5’, although it trans- lates the same Heb. word 177 ‘veil’ in Is 3%, its only other occurrence. LXXhas in Ca 5? θέριστρον, which denotes a light kind of veil. Budde and Siegfried (in their Comm. on Ca) both think that an ‘ Ueberwurf’ rather than a veil suits the con- text. The bride in escaping leaves her 777 in the hands of her captors (cf. Mk 1451.5), But see art. DREss in vol. i. p. 627°.
(c) In Dn 32 ty tr. innaq2 ‘ their mantles’ (AV ‘hats’). See Hat.
(d) In He 1, which is a quotation from Ps 10276 (Heb. and Gr. 3, RV substitutes ‘mantle’ for AV ‘vesture’ as tr™ of περιβόλαιον, which in the LXX answers to v2 of MT. The Heb. word is ren- dered by both AV and RV ‘vesture.’ The only other NT occurrence of περιβόλαιον is 1 Co 11", where it is used of the ‘covering’ or ‘ veil’ which nature supplies to a woman in her hair.
Once more, Amer. RV tr. Syo in Is 59!” by ‘mantle’ (AV and RV ‘cloke’).
MANUSCRIPTS.—See ΤΈΧΥ.
MAOCH (νῷ; in 1S, B’Auudy (= Dy by transposi- tion for Ἵν»), A Μωάβ ; in 1 K, B’Apnod, A Μααχά). —The father of Achish king of Gath, under whom David took service when his life was threatened Ὁ Saul (1S 27°). He is probably to be identified with Maacah (wh. see), the father of Achish king of Gath, who is mentioned at the beginning of Solo- mon’s reign (1 K 2%). In favour of this view is the fact that the Peshitta reads [Q2SS0 (= Maacah) in both passages, while the Targum of Jonathan in each case preserves the shorter form yp (=Maoch). J. F. STENNING.
MAON, MAONITES (jy>). — Mentioned among the oppressors of Israel before the time of Jeph- thah in Jg 1013, a late passage, probably due to the post-exilic editor. For Ma‘on LXX reads Midian (Pesh. Ammon, Vulg. Chanaan, Targ.= MT). Though accepted by many crities, the cor- rection is suspiciously obvious; and it does not materially relieve the anachronisms that remain in the verse. The editor included Maon in his list of representative oppressors as being an enemy familiar to later times. Hommel (4 AT 251, 272) suggests that the LXX reading is an explanatory gloss on Ma‘on. In1 Καὶ 118 Thenius reads Ma‘on for Midian; so Stade, GVJ i. 302, but without sufficient reason, and with no support from the Versions.
The Maonites (Maon) are usually regarded as the same as the Meunim, 1 Ch 4“ (Je'inim Keré), 2 Ch 20! (for Ammonites read Me'tinim, LXX) 267. Their headquarters have been sought in Madén (Arab. Ma‘an), 4 hours S.E. of Petra, on the ancient taravan road from Damascus to Mecca; but all that can be gathered from the references above is that they inhabited the Edomite country, and were
J. A. SELBIE.
regarded by the Chronicler as Edomites. 2 Ch 20". 3 refers to them as ‘inhabitants of Mt. Seir’: this would favour a connexion with Ma‘fin. On the other hand, 1 Ch 459. 41 rather points to a situa- tion on the western side of Edom, where the country corresponds to the description in ν. ὃ, Buhl, Gesch. der Edomiter, 42, n. 1, suggests a con- nexion between the Meunim and Mayén, a place of wells, on the S.W. corner of the Edomite plateau. The Meunim are met with again among the Nethinim who returned from exile with Zerub- babel, Ezr 2° (LXX 1 Es 5% υἱοὶ Mavel, A Maavi) = Neh 753 (LXX 2 Es 1753 viol Μεσεινώμ, A Μεεινώμ) ; it has been suggested that these were captives taken from the Meunim after their defeat by Jehoshaphat (2 Ch 20! 33 or Uzziah (2 Ch 267), and relegated to menial service in the temple.
In Ch the LXX renders Meunim by Μίε)ιναῖοι (1 Ch 4" Luc. Kwaito), cf. also Job 24 Σωφὰρ ὁ Mewalwy βασιλεύς. The Alexandrian translators probably intended to identify * the Meunim with the Arab tribe whom Pliny mentions as mer- chants in spices and incense (Hist. Nat. xii. 30), with their principal home in 8. Arabia (Hadra- maut). They are mentioned also by Eratos- thenes (in Strabo, p. 768,+ ed. Casaub.), in whose time they were the most northern of the four nations of Arabia, with their home by the Red Sea. This rendering of the LXX has suggested the theory that the Meunim belonged to the ancient kingdom of the Minzans, or more correctly Mainites, whose chief city was Ma‘in in S. Arabia. So Halévy, Glaser (Gesch. u. Geogr. Arabiens, ii. 450), Hommel (Aufsatze τι. Abhandl. 3,5,and AHT 251, 272). See art. ARABIA in vol. i. p. 133. But the great antiquity of the kingdom of Ma‘in (B.c. 1000) seems not to agree with the fact that in the OT the Meunim are found only in late writings. It may be that the Meunim were survivors of the kingdom of the Mainites, dwindled to a single tribe; but on the whole it seems safer to regard the Meunim simply as an Edomite tribe, and their con- nexion with the Mainites as not yet por established. See Sprenger, 7ZDMG xliv. 505; Buhl, Gesch. α΄. Edomiter, 40 ff.; Kittel, ‘Chronicles’ in SBOT 59.