The following cities, etc., are mentioned as at one time or another Moabite ; the names in italics are probably variants of those in ordinary type, Ἔσο respectively precede them ; they are some- times placed slightly out of alphabetical order to show the connexion. Names in capitals are found only on the Moabite Stone. For details see the separate articles on these names.
Ar-of-Moab, Arnon, Aroer, Ataroth, Bayith, Beer-elim, Beser, Beth-bamoth, Bamoth, Bamoth-baal, Beth-baal-meon, Beth- meon, Beth-diblathaim, Beth-gamul, Beth-jeshimoth, Beth-
or, Bozrah, Dibon, Dimon, Eglaim, Eglath-shelishiyah, Elealeh, Heshbon, Holon, Horonaim, Jahaz, Jahzah, Jazer, Kerioth, Kir-of-Moab, Kir-heres, Ktr-hareseth, Kiriathaim, Kiriath-huzoth, KRHH (? Korhah), Luhith, Madmen, Medeba, Mephaath, Misgab, MHRT (? Moharath), Nebo, Nimrim (waters
ἢ, Nimrah, Nophah, Nobah (ἡ, Peor, Pisgah, Sela, Sibmah, IRN (? Sharon), Zoar, Zophim.
iii. LANGUAGE (Proper Names and Moabite Stone).—Our knowledge of the language is derived from the Moabite proper names in OT, οἷο, and from the Moabite Stone. Both show that Moabite is ‘simply a dialect of Heb.’ (Stade, i. 113). Where it differs from biblical Hebrew it agrees either with Pheenician or Canaanite, which is also very closely allied with Hebrew ; or with Arabic, the language of the eastern neighbours of Moab. According to Hommel (4 HT 275), the spelling on the Stone has a strong aealty, with that of the Minzean inscrip- tions; e.g. the Moabite Mehdeba’, Neboh, are more akin to Minwan than to Heb., which writes M/édebd, Nebé.
The close connexion with Heb. is shown by the following resemblances—the details of differences are given below. The forms of almost all the proper names are consistent with their being of Hebrew origin. This might be partly accounted for by the fact that, for the most part, they are known to us only from Heb. sources. But the Stone is un- doubtedly a Moabite document, and almost all its words, inflexions, and idioms occur in OT. For instance, it has two characteristic Heb, idioms—
404
MOAB, MOABITES
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THE MOARITE STONE.
406 MOAB, MOABITES
the waw consecutive with Impf., only certainly elsewhere in Pheenician (Ges.-Kautzsch, Eng. tr., 136 π. ; οἵ. Konig, Syntax, 510f.); and the use of the Inf. Abs. to emphasize a finite tense (13% 73% in 1. 7),—not, however, peculiar to Hebrew. The characters on the Stone are very similar to those of the Siloam inscription.
(A) Proper Names.—In addition to the names of cities given at the end of the section on Territory, the following proper names are found in OT and Moabite Stone (the latter initalics). (1) PERSONS: —Balak, Chemosh-melek or Chemosh-gad, Eglon, Ithmah, Mesha, Orpah, Ruth, Sanballat (?), Shomer or Shimrith, Sihon (?), Zippor; also in inscriptions (see History), Kammusu (Chemosh)- nadab, Kmshyhy (Chemoshyehi=‘Chemosh gives life,’ Baethgen, p. 13), Mutsuri, Salmanu. (2) DEITIES :—Chemosh, Ashtar-Chemosh. (3) the RIVER Arnon.
(B) Moabite Stone.—This Stone was a monument erected by Mesha king of Moab, c. 850, to com- memorate his victories over Israel. In 1868 a Prussian traveller, the Rev. F. A. Klein, discovered the upper portion of it, about 34 ft. high, by 2 ft. broad and 2 ft. thick, with rounded top, amongst the ruins of Dibon (Dibdn). In 1869 a rough