. 600 ff. on 2 P); Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire, 893 (pp. 279-295 on date of 1 P); Sanday in Expositor, series 4, vol. vii. 1893 (pp. 406-413 on date of 1 P), Inspiration, 1893 | erent pp. 846 ff. 882 ff. on 2 P); Εἰ. Scharfe, Die petrinische
romw neutestamentlichen Literatur, 1893 (expansion of art. in SK, 1889, pp. 633-670, ‘ Die schriftstellerische Originalitit des ersten Petrusbriefs’); Spitta, Der zweite Brief des Petrus u. der Brief des Judas, 1885; Swete, in Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Mark, 1898 (pp. xvi-xviii); Warfield, articles on the canonicity and genuineness of 2 Peter in the Southern Presbyterian Review, Jan. 1882, April 1883 ; B. Weiss, in SK, 1866 (p. 256 ff., ‘Die petrinische Frage, Das verhiiltniss rum Judasbrief’); Schulze in Zécklers Handb. ἃ. theol. Wissensch. 1883 (i. p. 629f.). F. H. CHASE.
PETHAHIAH (7:7n5).—1. The head of the nine- teenth (LXX eighteenth] priestly course, 1 Ch 9416 (B Φεταιά, A Αφεσσή). 2. A Levite who had mar- ried a foreign wife, Ezr 1033 (B Φαδαιά, A Φεθειά) ; introduced by a later hand in Neh 9° (LXX om.). 8. A Judahite officer, who ‘was at the king’s hand in all matters concerning the people,’ Neh 11% (B Παθαιά, A Φαθαιά).
PETHOR (ins; B Φαθουρα, A Bad .—T home of Balaam (Nu 225, Dt 234 (9), seey Nw τὸ he ‘on the River’ (i.e. the Euphrates), and (Dt) “» belong to Aram-naharaim (cf. Nu 237), 1.6. the
region between the Euphrates in its upper course (by and below Carchemish) and the Khabour, some 400 miles N.N.E. of Palestine. It is no doubt the Pitru, mentioned by Shalmaneser I. (B.C. 860-825): ‘I crossed the Euphrates, and took the city Ana-ASur-utir-asbat on the other side of the Euphrates, on the Sagur, which the Hittites call Pitru’ (KIB i. 133, 1. 37-40; cf. 163, 1. 36; 178, 1. 85-6); and the Pedru, named long before among his conquests by Thothmes 1m. (W. M. Miiller, As. wu. Eur. 291; RP, v. 38, No. 280). The Sagur is the modern Sajur, which flows into the Euphrates from the N.W. at a point about 60 miles N.E. of Aleppo: Pitru or Pethor, if ‘on’ both the Euphrates (Nu 225) and the Sajur, must thus have been on the W. bank of the former river at its junction with the Sajur, and therefore, speaking strictly, just beyond the W. border of Aram-naharaim (Dt 234).* It was, of course, much more neerly. N. of Moab than ‘east’ (Nu 237); but it must be remembered that the term ‘east’ is used broadly (see Gn 291, of Haran, in the same neighbourhood). For ‘mountains’ (id.) between the Sajur and the Euphrates, Dillm., refers pertinently to Sachau, Reise in Syr. u. itesep. 1883, pp. 159 ff., 165 ff. (ef. also the map). See, further, Schrader, KAT? 155f., Keilinschr. κι. Geschichts- Forsch. 220f.; Dillm. on Nu 22°; Sayce, HCM 274. S. R. DRIVER.
PETHUEL (5xina; perhaps, by a copyist’s Eup: for by:ina Bethuel, so L [Βαθουήλ] and other VSS, Li Vulg. Phatuel). —The father of the prophet
oel, JJ 1}.
PETITION.—1. abxv from ὑπ᾿ to ask, is tr. ‘petition’ in 1 17-2, 1 K 216-2, Bet 5% 7872-8 gi2, In Jg 8% we find the subst. and vb. together, liter- ally ‘ask an asking,’ EV ‘desire a request.’ So 1 Row (EV ‘ask a petition’), 2°° (EV ‘desire a peti- tion’). In Est 57 ‘petition’ and ‘request’ appear as synonyms (Heb. 7>xv and nypz). 2. abxvn from the same vb., Ps 205. 8, The Aram. 3y3, from xya ‘to inquire into,’ Dn 67-18; in v.! the subst. is not expressed in Heb. 4, δέησις, 1 Mac 757 ‘a house of
rayer and petition’ (οἶκος προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως ; R ‘prayer and supplication’). 5. alrnua, 1 Jn 518 ‘We have the petitions which we desired’ (ra αἰτήματα ἃ ἠτήκαμεν, RV ‘which we have asked’), 6. Oratio, 2 Es 85".
PETRA.—See SELA.
PEULLETHAI (‘n5y2, Β᾽Ἰαφθοσλααθί, A Φολλαθί). —The eighth son of Obed-edom, 1 Ch 26°.
PHAATH MOAB (Φαὰθ Μωάβ), 1 Es 5" (B Φθαλειμωάβ), 8% (B Μααθμ., AV Pahath M.) = Pahath-Moab.
PHACARETH (Φακαρέθ), 1 Es 5% = Pochereth- hazzebaim, Ezr 2°7,—The succeeding word be- longs to this name as in Cod. B Φ. car and is not a separate name as it is taken by Cod. A and RV ‘the sons of Sabie.’
PHAISUR (B Φαισούρ, A baicod), 1 Es 9*%= Pashhur, the head of a priestly house, elsewhere called Phassurus, 1 Es 5%,
PHALDEUS (B Φαλαδαῖος, A adédaios, Phaldaius, 1 Es 9*=Pedaiah, Neh 84.
PHALEAS (Φαλαίας), 1 Es 5°%=Padon, Ezr 24.
PHALIAS (B Φαλίας, A Φιάθας, AV Biatas), 1 Es 948-- Pelaiah, Neh 87.
AV
* See the excellent map of ‘Syria, Assyria, and Babylonia,’ in the Encyclopedia Biblica, i. in the art. ASSYRIA.
PHALTIEL
PHALTIEL (Phalthiel, i.e. sxb2, cf. 2S 3%; Ὁ Salatiel, Syr. Psaltiel). —The ‘captain of the people,’ who had an interview with at the close of his first vision, 2 Es 5'*,
PHANUEL (Φανουήλ, tc. dxus Penuel). — The mother of Anna, Lk 2%,
PHARAKIM (B Φαρακέμ, A -xelu, AV Pharacim), 1 Es 5*.—His sons were among the temple ser- vants who returned with Zerubbabel. The name is omitted in the parallel lists of Ezr and Neh.
PHARAOH (ee, @apadé).—The term does not occur in the Tel el-Amarna letters, nor perhaps anywhere else in cuneiform literature. In fact, so far as we know, in ancient times it was the Hebrews alone who adopted the term; from Hebrew it into Greek, and from Greek into Arabic. In face of these facts it is almost super- fluous to mention that Renouf has noted that 7375 can, if n , be connected with an Arabic and even with a Hebrew root (PSBA xy. 421). The word existed in full use in Egyptian, with a purel Egyptian etymology, and there is no need to see it her. The earliest instance of the title in Hebrew is probably in Ex 15‘, generally assigned by critics to about B.c. 950.