In tlie present passage it is clear that what is implied is that the girl was considered to be possessed of a soothsaying demon. In the lan- guage of the OT she would probably be called a D'K n'?V3 (1 S 28'). The word nix, however, is employed by itself to convey this meaning, and is reproduced in the LXX by iyyaffTplp-vSos (Lv 19" 20"--''). The Syriac version on Ac 16'" renders
by |!iD»jO> (>.i03 'soothsaying spirit '(lit. 'spirit
of soothsaying '). See art. SOOTHSAYING ; cf. ala* Necromancy under Sorcery.
Owen C. 'Whitehousk.
QOHELETH
QUAKKY
179
Q
QOHELETH.— See Ecclesiastes.
QUAIL {-ys ItCcri v)-^] silaw, in Nn 11" plur. O'l^';', w liicli implies a sing. TW^'i salwch ; dprvyo- inqrpa, cuturnix; Arab. sdwn). — A well-known ini;;ratory biid, Coturnix vulgaris, L. A few individuals remain in E^\-pt and the Holy Land throughout the j-ear. The migrators arrive in iljundance, on their way north towards the bo- binning of March, and again on their way south in Noveml)er. Some pass through without stop- ping, while others remain to breed. Their arrival 13 heralded by their peculiar call, especially early in the morning and at sunset. They migrate in vast flocks, crossing the Arab, desert, flying for the most part at night. They also cross the Mediterranean, selecting as their places of passage the narrowest portions, as that between Africa and Malta, Sicily, and the Greek islands, etc. Tliey always fly with the wind. Their bodies are so heavy in comparison with the power of their wings tliat they cannot cross very Ion" reaches of the sea. Many perish, even in the sliort pas- sage, and those which arrive safe are excessively fatigued. Quails are twice mentioned in conne.\ion with the 'Wilderness .loumevings (Ex 16" [P], Nu J 131.83 |-JE]_ cf_ i>s 10540). >rhose which supi)lied the Israelites came in spring, while on their way northwards. Tristram has shown that they would naturally follow up the Red Sea to its bifurcation, and cross at the narrowest part into the Sinaitic peninsula. A sea ^vind woiud bring them in im- mense numbers into the camp which the Israelites occupied at that time. The miracle consisted in their lieing directed to the right time and place. Q\iail8, when migrating, begin to arrive at night (Ex 16"), and are found in large numbers in the morning (Nu U"-"). Their great exhaustion on their arrival makes it ea.sy to believe all that is said in the narrative as to the numbers which the Israelites captured, and the ease with which they were taken.
The (|uail belongs to the order Gallinm, family Phaxvtnifltr.. Its predominant colour is brown, shaded and mottled with nifous and grey, with edgings of black. A buir line extends down over each eye, and another down the centre of the head. Its length is J inches. Its flesh is succu- lent. It is popularly known in Syria as the/iJrrf, an onomatopoetie word, referring to the whirring of its wings as it takes to flight. See, further, Dillm.-Ryssel on Ex 16". G. E. Post.
QDAKE.— To quake (from the same root as •quick' [ = alive], 'quicken,' cf. Pier.? Plmimuin, 'Quook as hit quyke were') is to shake, usually with fear (so alwaj-s in AV, where the transit, sense does not occur). Thns lie 12'' ' Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake' (f>t0oj34s tliu xal (v- rpofiot). George Fox in his Journal says, 'Justice Bonnet of Derby was the first that called us Quakers, becausel bid them tremble at the word of the Lord. This was in the year 16.50.' Fox had used the verb ' quake,' which probably struck the Justice's ear a« odd because already antiquated in this sense. Yet RV retains it everywhere, and adds Mt 28* ' For fear of him the watchers did qnake' (for A'V 'shake,' Gr. adu, wliich is tr* 'quake' in AV and R'V at 27"). Ainer. RV in- troduces 'quake' also at Ps 18''. J. HASTINGS.
QUALITY Is used in Ad. Est 1 1 ''*"»« in the sense
of rank : ' The stock and quality of Mardocheas.'
Cf. Shaks. Uenry V. IV. viii. 95—
• The rest are princes, barons, lords, knights, squires, And gentlemen of blood and quality.'
QUARREL. — Like Lat. querela, from which it comes, through Old Fr. querele,' 'quarrel' origin- ally meant a complaint or cause of complaint. Thus Hall, Works, ii. 155, ' It was thy just quarrell, O Saviour, that whiles one Samaritane returned, nine Israelites were healed, and returned not.' Then it was used for any cause or case that had to be pursued or defended, as in Golding's Calvin's Job, 559, ' Although Job had a just and reasonable quarrell, yet did he farre overshote himself; and p. 573, ' Sometymes we will be ashamed to main- teyne a good quarrell, bycause wee see that men do but make a mocke at it.' This is the sense in which the word is used in AV : Lv 2G^ ' I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the quarrel of my covenant' (RV 'execute the venge- ance ') ; 2 K 5' ' See how he seeketh a quarrel ag.aiust me' (RVra ' an occasion ') ; Mk 6" ' Herodias had a quarrel against him' (AVm 'an inward grudge,' RV 'set herself against him,' Gr. ivc'ix^v aiTif) ; except in Col 3" ' If any man have a quarrel against any,' where the meaning is rather 'com- plaint,' as AVm and RV; Gr. /io/n^?).