The verb ' to quarrel ' occurs in AV Preface in the transit, sense of oppose, object to. Cf. Melvill, Diary, 370, 'At the quhilk word the King in- terrupts me, and crobbotlie quarrels our meitting, alleagin" it was without warrand and seditius.' The modem intrans. meaning of the verb is found in Sir 31'", and RV introduces it at Pr 20».
J. Hastincs.
QUARRY In 1 K 6' it is said that the temple
was built of stone made ready 'at the quarry' (RV ; AV has 'before it was brought thither,' RVm 'when it was brought away'). The MT, whose correctness is not above suspicion, is [yX y;5 r^zh\:f • LXX XWots ditpoTiS/iois apyois ; Vulg. de lapidihus dolatis atque perfectis. The rendering ' nuarry ' or ' quarrying' for yr? is probably correct (cf. the use of the root yoj in Hiphil in 1 K 5"' ti-"g- "1 and Ec 10«), and the meaning is that the liuge stones spoken of in 5^' '"' were dressed before leaving the quarry (for this practice cf. Benzinger, Hill). Arch. 237). For the process of quarrying as carried on by the Egyptians in early times, see Maspero, Dawn of Cioilization, p. 383 f., and passim. It is evident that 1 K 6' breaks the con- nexion, and this verse is probably a later addi- tion (so Benzinger, Kittel, et al.). The statement contained in it gave rise to a variety of fanciful legends tending to the glorification or the temple and its builder (see Benzinger, Comm. nd lor.).
The only other occurrence of 'quarry' in the EV is in j'g 3'"-''". According to v.'', Ehud turned back from ' the quarries that were by Gilgal,' and after the assassination of Eglon he ' escaped while they tarried, and passed beyond the quarries,' v.". AVm and RVm oiler as an alternative renclcring 'graven images'; LXX has rd yXinrrd ; Vulg. in V?' ' reversus de Galgalis, iibi erant idola,' in v.'"' ' Locum iddlonim.' The Hebrew is o''?'C?, which is used as plural to S;?, and is employed of images of gods in wood, stone, or metal, Dt 7'-" 12", Is 21" 30", 2 Ch 34*. Moore, who considers that ' quarries ' is an unwarranted translation, proposes
•The Bi^elling haa been OMiniilat*Hl to the difltinct wor>l 'quarrel,* a square-headed crossbow bolt (Low IjaUfptadrrlhn-')
ISO
QUAETUS
QUEEN
rendering ' siiiJ ptnred stones (prohably rude stone inia;;es:).' They may be the same as tlie stones whic-h, according to popular tradition, Joshua erected to commemorate (he passage of the Jordan (Jos 4-'°), or, possibly boundary stones, marking tlie last Moabite outijost (of. Jg 3="). See, further, Budde ('Kichter' in Kurzer Hdcom. ad loc), who thinks the PMlt7n probably marked the Jordan ford at GUgal, and tliat the ford was known by this name. For Jos 7° (RVm) see Shebakim.
In Is 51' -fi2 rc^; (lit. ' excavation of a pit ') is used lor quarry in a fig. sense : ' Look unto the rock wheuce ye were he\\Ti, and to the hole of the pit (ei's rbv ^ddvvov tov \iiKKov) whence ye were digged.* On a Rabbinical conceit regarding this passage see rKTER (FiR.ST Epistle of) in vol. iii. p. 795''. See, further, art. STONE. J. A. Selbie.
QUARTUS (KoiiapTos).— Mentioned with Erastus, the treasurer of Corinth, a.s joining in St. Paul's greeting to the Church of Rome, Ro 16^. He is commemorated Nov. 3. Later traditions will be found in Acta Sanctorum, Nov., i. p. 5S5.
A. C. Headlam.
QUATERNION (nTpiSiov) means a group consist- ing of lour ]iersons or things. The Greek word is a aTrai \ey. in NT, being found only in Ac 12^ Tapa5oi>s Tetro-apctv TerpaSiotg arparLitiTuiv <pv\d<xff€LV avTov, Vulg. quatuor quatemionihus. A Roman watch consisted, Polyuius tells us, of four men (vi. 33 : rd ipvXaKeTiv itrrtv iK Terrdpuv dvopu^v), and Vegetius {de Re Mititari, iii. 8) wTites : ' De singulis ccnturiis quaterni equites et quatemi pedites ex- culiituni noctil)us faciunt.' The same author goes on to explain that the night was divided into four watches of three hours eacii ; cf. Jerome, Epist. 140. 8 (ed. Vallarsi). It seems that one member of tlie quaternion watched (while the other three slept) through each watch. It appears from Jn 19-^ (of. Ef. Petr. 9) that a TerpaSiov was on guard during the Crucifixion, and from Mt 27'" (ix^-rt KovnTuiolav) ]ierhaps that the same quaternion was on duty at the time of the Resurrection : but see GUAKD, 4.
TerpiSioK occurs in Philu (udo. flavcmn, ii. 533. 25, ed. Mangey) with the same colouring as in NT, CTpaTiJinji' Tifa Twy if Tois T€Tpa5ioL^ tpvXdKujv, and fairly frequently in late authors in the sense of a quire of a book containing four double leaves, i.e. sixteen pages. The Latin form quaternio is rare, and occurs only once in the Vulgate, if we may trust Dutripon. The Peshitta of Ac 12* ('sixteen soldiers') misses the clear reference to Roman militarj' custom. On this subject cf. Marquardt and Mommsen, Handb. der roni. Altcrlhiimcr, v. 4u7 (ed. 1876). W. Emery Barxes.
QUEEN. — 1. The nsual Heb. terra for 'queen ' in the OT is n;^D (in Dn 5" Aram. stat. eraph. nn?-;) ; LXX /SatriXKriro ; with the verb iSo 'to be queen,' Hiph. ' to make queen,' Est2*- ". For nrte see art. Queen of Heaven. The other words' so trans- iited in AV are— 2. nysi (lit. 'mistres.s,' cf. Is 24-) 1 K ll'MLXXMifW"") 15>^(^oiiA<^i'7;),2 K 10"(8iwa(r- TcOovaa), 2 Ch 15'« (LXX om.), Jer 13'» (ol Sivaffrei- oiTfs) 29 [Gr. 30] 2 (|8o(r(Xiff<ra) [RV in the last two passages 'queen-mother']. 3. '?:;? (V;y = 'ra\'ish ' ; cf. Dt 28»\ Is 13", Zee 14=) only in P8 459 {fia<Tl\iff<ra), Neh 2° (jraXXoK^). * The Aram, form of the word is found in Dn 5-'- " (Tlieod. in all ttciXXost), LXX om.). i. n-;-;' (lit. 'princess,' cf. AVm) Is 49^ {dpxovffai). In NT PaaiKuiaa is alone found — Mt 12^-, Lk 11", Ac 8-'', Rev 18'.