A merit of its own belongs to the fourth great edition which was begun by Ernest Grabe (tl712), and appeared in 4 vols. fol. or 8 in 8° at the Oxford University Press, only the first (Octateuch), 1707, and the fourth (Poetical books), 1709, during his lifetime, the second (Historical books), 1719, being linished by Fr. Lee, M.D., the third (Prophets), 1720, by W. Wigan, D.D., ' ex antiquissimo codice Alexandrino accurate descriptum et ope aliorum exemplarium ac jiriscorum scriptorum prsesertim vero Hexaplaris editionis Origenian;e emendatum atque suppletum additis sa>pe asteriscorum et obelorum signis,' with useful Prolegomena.
As the title indicates, Grabe followed a twofold plan : (1) to represent the text of the Codex Alex- andrinus, and (2) to make his text at the same time correspond with the Hebrew text. This he accomplished by the use of smaller type for the changed and supplemented passages, placing the readings of the Codex in the margins, and insert- ing the critical signs of Origen.
Grabe's text was repeated (1) by Breitinger, Turici, 4 vols. 4", 1730-32, compared with the Vatican ; (2) by Reineccius in the Biblia quadnlingtda, 1750, 1751 ; (3) in a Bible issued by the Holy Synod of Russia (Moscow, 1S21), but without any attention to the meaning of the additions in small type, to the marginal readings and the critical signs, thus completely spoiling the work ; and this is circulated dj" it/XA>-«x; t^ kyi^ni-ntt i,6iHev9xf
ffvveiov )r««-w, rit 'Paxrtf'iar, as rcL^ctjet [^i^dr.itY,] Kargt Tei/{ i^ia- /A^zovTx IK r«u if b1o» ti ctxpiSSif ixioiii^Tot aipx»*Bu 'AAt{tz»d;>i*oir
Xtip'^PBt^t and was repeated, as the title states, (4) iz r«t/ jr ^XoffX^ • • ' ixTt/^utiirrai etpx^^f* ' AXli»tipi*ou K^i^xei, in an edition of 4 vols, printea at Athens, ia-ratn w •» 'Ayy\.m irttipioLi T->j: Tpi; iiaooffiw T^c XptfTixvfx^t Titiiuxe (1843, 46, 49, 50), The 5th edition, based on Grabe, is that which Fr. Field prepared for the same Society at Oxford, 1859, avoiding as much as possible the faults inherent in the conditions of the task enjoined on him : see his preface, and Lag. .S,Sf. i. 5-8.
The result, so far, is, that we have up to the present day not a single edition of G based upon sound critical principles ; for even the two editions which remain to be mentioned have not yet at- tained this end. These two editions we owe to the two great universities of England — the Vetut Testamenttim Grcecum cum variU Lectionibus, ed. Robertus Holmes ( . . . editionem a R. H. incho- atara continuavit Jacobus Parsons), Oxonii, 1798- 1827, 5 vols. fol. ; and TKe Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, edited for the Svndics of the University Press by H. B. Swete ((Cambridge, 1887-94,21895-99, 3 vols. 8°).
As early as 1779, Joseph White published a letter to the Bishop of London, suggesting a plan for a new edition of the L.\X. In 1788 R. Holmes appealed to the hberality of publio bodies and private persons, and obtained such a response as enabled him to procure collations from all parts of Europe. On the history of this edition, see an appreciative article in the Church tjuartertj/ Review, April 1899, lu2fT., and Sw. 184 fl. It was the greatest attempt ever made to bring together a critical apparatus ; the list of MSS at the end of vol. v. number* 811. Of Versions used were those in Arabic (several), Armenian, Bohemian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Georgian, Latin, Slavonic. Syriac: further, the quotations of the ancient writers from philo and Josephus downwards. In spite of some points in the plan and in the execution of the work, which are open to criticism, it \m a unique monument of the love to learning of the editor and his nation, and remains a storehouse of materials, indispensable to
S The edition London, 1837 (ex editione Holmesii et Lambertl Bos, in 2 vols.), quoted by Sw. 182, from Urt. 67, seem) identical with No. 19 ; whether the date 1819 given by Urt. 67, 8w. 182, for the edition of Valpy is correct, seems doubtful ; il is taken from Gnesse's Trisor, where editions are mentiotfwi, Glasgow 1822, 18' (=No. 19), and London, 1827 (=Na 16 f>
SEPTUAGIXT
SEPTUAGINT
441
kD who hnve to do with the OT in Oreek.* The work as sold at present ia divided into 5 vols. *ol. : 1. (Pent) 17RS, H. (Jos.- iChron.) 1810, III. (Ezra-Cant.) 1823, IV. (Propli.) 1S27, V. (AiJOcr.) 16*27 ; butitdoea not seera to have been puhli.sJied in this order (see Jac. Amersfoordt, De variis teclioiiihuA llotm- etnawji tnrnrum quorundatn Pentatexichi Mosaici, Lugd. Bat. 181S, pi 45X
The text in the work is a reprint of b ; but, aa it seems, after a copy of Bos, corrected, but not evcrywliere according to an orifrinal copy. Its value lie.s, therefore, e.^clusively in the apparatus.
The advance that has been made in the course of the 19th cent, upon the work of Holmes- Parsons is due, on the one hand, to the discovery of new material.'* — for instance, the Code.\ Sinaiticus — which led to an enriching of the apparatus ; on the other hand, to greater exactness in using them, which was promoted especially by the progress made in the reproduction of MSS by the various methods of photography.
Uf both advantages use was made in the Cam- bridge Sijptunijint (Sw. 188-lilO). The text is no longer that of b, but of B itself, given in the first ed. after tlie so-called (printed) facsimile-edition of Vercellone-Cozza, revised for tlie second by Dr. Nestle, after the photograjdi of the Codex. In the apparatus the variant.-* are given of such uncial MSS as have been published in a .similarly trustworthy way ; above all of the Codices Alexandrinus, Sinaiti- cus, Ambrosianus, Marchalianus. This text will be repeated in the larger Cambridge Scptuagint, the