This term St. Paul, in the introduction to his Epistles, not infrequently uses with reference to himself (Ro 1', Ph 1') ; and that it is employed as an honourable designation, like the n?i; of Lzekiel and Deutero- Isaiali, is evident from the corre- eix)nding use of d^riaroXos in 1 Cor., 2 Cor., GaJ., Epb., and Col. (equivalent to %><)-, see above).
The relation of service to God is one of freedom and sonship (vlodeala), as we learn from Ro 8^'. We have been emancipated from the older relationship to the law, which was one of fear and constraint, summed up in Ro 8", in the phrase ircf D/ia SovXelat . . . tts 06/301-. These two contrasted states of relationship, belonging respectively to the new covenant of freedom and to the old covenant of bondage to the law, are compared by way of allegory to I.sa;ic, son of the freewoman Sarali, and Ishmael, son of the bond-.slave (Traiolir/c?)) Ha";ar. The one is represented W the heavenly Jerusalem and the other by Mount Sinai (Gal 4'^-5'). By His death Christ has freed us from subjection to bond- age throughout our life through fear of death (He 2"). Obviously, such a relationship of free, loving service to Christ is not adequately expressed by SouXfla. The slave has no proper cognizance of his master's thoughts, but Christ has conlided all His Father's purposes of love to His disciples. ' Henceforth I do not call you servants (slaves), but I have called you friends ' (Jn 15").
LiTKRATTRB. — Nowack, TTfb. Arch, and the correeponding work ot BenzinRer; Kwnld, AlterihilmT^, pp. 280-2bS (Eng. tr. p. 210 ff.); the articles on Slaves in PRE, in Kiehm's im B, and in HambufKer'd RE; Mielziner, Die VerhaUmase der Sklanen bfi di'n alien Uebrdem; Mandl, Da* Sklavenrfcht de» AT. All these have been duly utilized in the preuent article. Suptjestive for the OT is ch. vi. on 'Society, Morals,' eta, In McCurdy, BFil ii. 168fl. On Or»co-Koman Society cf. Smith's Diet, oj Or. and Rom. Ant.'\ and the Coticiee Diet, by Warre Comish (from which materials have been drawn). Other works have been referred to in the course of the article. On Arab slavery see I.ane's Arabian NighU, ch. i. note 13 ; on slavery- in the light of Christian ethics •ee JuL Kostlin, ChruUiche FAhik, pp. 318, 400 IT.: Lightfcot, Philmvm(\D\,rad.). OWEN C. WuiTEHOUSK.
SESIS (B Sfcreis, A Zeaatit). 1 Es 9" = Shashai, Ezr 10".
8ESTHEL (SwffTiX), 1 Es 9" = Bezalel of the sons of Pahath-moab, Ezr 10*>.
SET.— The Eng. verb to 'set' is properly a causative form of ' sit,' bat it has been confused with 'sit' (partly through spelling both 'set'), and, like other monosyl. verns, has come to be used very freely. 1. Observe the foil. pas.sage8 : Gn 30" ' And he set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob' (Wye. 'And putte a space of thre daies weye betwixt,' 1388 'settide the space of weie of tlire daies betwixt') ; Ex 19" 'And thoa shalt set bounds unto the people round about' (Wye. 'ordeyn termes,' 1388 ' sette term<'8'; Tind. 'sett marks rounde aboute the peojile'); Ps 73" 'Surely thou didst set them in slipperj places'; Sir 10' ' Such an one setteth his own soul to sale' {t^v iavTov i/'i'x^*' fKirpoLKTov irotfi) ; Lk 7* * I als(j am a man set under authority ' (To/raVo-ot) ; He 12' ' the race that is set before ns ' (t6i' irpoKtlfuvor ^liiv i-lCira) ; I'J' ' for the joy that was set before him ' (drri r^5 Tponeifjjyijt airrifi xt^P^t).
2. To ' lie set ' is sometimes used a« an equivalent for to ' Bit,' like Scot. ' be seated,' as Lk 7" Rhera.
' As she knew that he was set downe in the Pharisees house.' So Dn 7'° 'The judgment was set' (2-- x:-^, LXX Kpnripioi' iKdBiffe, Vn]". judicium sedit. Wye. 'the dom -sate'); Sir 38^ 'Who is alway carefully set at his work ' ; Mt 5' ' When h» was set, his disciples came unto him' ; 27" ; Lk 2* ' This child is set for the fall and rising a^ain of many in Israel' (KeiraO ; Jn 13'" 'So after he had washed their feet . . . and was set down again ' ; Ph 1" 'I am set for the defence of the gospel' (Ke7ixaL) • He 8' ; Rev 3" ' To him that overcoraeth will I grant to sit (raffdrai) with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down (iK6.8i(ja.) with my father in his throne.'
3. To set means to arrange in proper order, in 2 Ch 20" ' Set yourselves, stand ye still,' Ps 2* ' The kings of the earth set themselves ' (-ayn'. Driver [Par. Psalt.], 'take their stand'), Ca 5'" ' His eyes are . . . fitly set,' Is 3** ' Instead of well set hair, baldness.' Cf. E.\ 25' Tindale, ' Onix stones and sett stones for the Ephod ' ; Chaucer, Duchesse, 828 —
'So had aba
Surmounted hem alle of beaute.
Of maner and of comlinessc.
Of stature and wel set gladnessa.*
4. The sense of ' fix,' ' determine,' arises natur- ally from the original idea of 'cause to stand.' Thus Nell 2" ' It pleased the king to send me ; and I set him a time ; so Gn 17"' ' At this set time in the next year' (cf. 21', Ex 9") ; ' set office' (njiDx), 1 Ch 9»- "* ", 2 Ch SI"- " ; and esp. ' set feast ' (as the tr. of n^to, lit. 'appointed time' [of sacred seasons]) Lv IS'"- RV (7 such are enumerated in this ch.), Nu lO'" (RV) 29» al. Cf. Judgement of the Synode at Dort, p. 4, ' Hee hath chosen in Christ unto salvation a set number of ceitaine men, neither better nor more worthy then others.'