2. A town of Simeon (1 Ch 4") which appears as Sharuhen in Jos 19^, and as Shilhim in Jos 15^. It was situated in the Negeb, and was possibly the same place as the Canaanite ' fortress of the land of Sharuana,' mentioned in the annals of Thothmes in. (RP ii. 38). This indicates that the form Sharuhen is correct. C. W. \\'1LS0N.
SHAASHGAZ (iJfl?).— A chamberlain of king Ahasueriis, Est 2'''. The LXX reads Val, tlie same name as it gives to the official referred to iu vv.*- '°. See Hegai.
SHABBETHAI (vsr). — A Levite who opposed the action of Ezra in the matter of the foreign marriages, Ezr 10" (B ^afiaOal, A Ka/3,3a9af) = Sabbateus of 1 Es 9". He is mentioned also, along with other Levites, in Neh 8' (LXX om.), as explaining tlie law to the people (in 1 Es 9^ Sabateus) ; and in 11'" (B.Vn* om., «=•* 2o/9/3a- Saios) as one of ' the chiefs of the Levites who had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God."
SHACHIA (.xrf, so Baer; the MSS show the
variants n;;?', n--s, x;r^', .n;=y, the last being sup- ported by the Syr. and the LXX [B ^afiia, A 2f/3t(i, but Luc. 2cx"i], while the forms in : instead of 2 can claim the support of the Vulg. Sechia). — A son of Shaliaraim, a Benjamite, 1 Ch 8'°.
SHADDAI.— See art. God, vol. ii. p. IDS'.
SHADRACH (:ni;r, SeJpdx).— The name given to Hananiah, one of Daniel's companions, by the prince of the eunuchs, Dn 1'. It is related in Dn 3 how Shadrach, along with Meshach (Mishael) and Abed-nego (Azariah), all of whom had been advanced to high offices (2^"), resisted the command to pay homage to Nebuchadnezzar's golden image, how all three were in consequence cast into a tiery furnace, and how they were miraculously delivered. See Hananiah, No. 2, and Three Children (Song of the).
The etymoloCT of the name Shadrach is un- certain. Frd. IJelitzsch (Lib. Dan. xii.) suggests that it is a variation of the Bab. Siidur-Al;u, ' command of the moon-god,' comparing the Assyr. TSm-ilu = ':K-c]K, and tlie Heb. '■incit. This view- is pronounced by Sehrader (KAT' 429 [COT ii. 125]) to have 'considerable probability.'
J. A. Selbie.
SHAGE (k;?» ; B SuXd, A Soy.)).— The father of Jonathan, one of David's heroes, 1 Ch 11". See Aqee and Shammah, No. 3.
SHAHARAIM (D-Jjjs* ; B Zaap^\, A 2aapi),u).— A Benjamite who is said to have begotten chOdren in the ' field of Moab ' after he had sent away two wives, Hushira and Baara, 1 Ch 8« (KVm). The passage is obscare.
SHAHAZUMAH (.ip'smj* Kethibh; AV Shaha- zimah, after Kerg nc'yqs*; B XaXel/j. kot4 ed\a(r<ra.u, A Soffeiuafl, Sehesima). — A town allotted to Issacliar, which was apparently between Mt. Talxir and the Jordan (Joa 19'^). Its site was unknown to
Eusebius and Jerome (Onom. s. Zaci/id, Sasima), and it has not yet been identified.
C. W. Wilson. SHALEM {ahv ; f/s 2aXi)/i ; in Salem).— Accoid- ing to AV (cf. Luther's translation), which followB tlie LXX, the Pesh., and the Vulg., 'Shalem' (Gn 33") is a proper name, and considered to be a town near Shechem. Eusebius and Jerome (Onom.) believed Shalem and Shechem to be the same place. But if Shalem was a town, it must have been Sitlim, 4 mUes east of Ndblus (Shechem). In Gn 28^ c^?-? bl-slullem is translated 'in peace,' and in Gn 33"* we should probably translate ' in peace to the city of Shechem,' as in KV which follows the Targums of Onkelos and pseudo-Jonathan, the Samaritan Codex, the Arabic Version, and the great Jewish and other commentators of modem times. See Dillm. ad loc. C. W. Wilson.
SHALISHAH, THE LAND OF (^Vp? ; B ^ -y^ SeXxa, A 17 77J SaXiffo-d ; terra Salisa). — Saul, when searching for his father's asses, passed through the 'land of Shalishah' (1 S 9'') after crossing the ' hill-country of Ephraim,' and before reaching the 'land of Shaalim.' Leaving Gibeah he must have crossed Mt. Ephraim in a northerly direction, and the ' land of Shalishah ' must consequently have been in the western hills. Baal-shalishah (2 K 4''-'), which was very probably in the land of Shalishah, is said by Eusebius and Jerome (Onom. s. Baidijaptadd, Bethsalisa) to have been in the Thamnitic toparchy, 15 M.P. north of Lydda. This points to Khurbct Sirisict., or, according to Conder (PEF Mem. ii. 285), to Khurhet K^-Jj Thilth. See Shaalim. C. W. Wilson.
SHALLECHETH, THE GATE (nr'-tr iiP ; ^ xAi, iracTToipopiov, porta quce ditcit). — One of the gates of the ' house of Jehovah ' which Solomon was to build after the death of David (1 Ch 22). It is mentioned only in 1 Ch 26'*, in a list of the gate- keepers (AV 'porters') of the sacred enclosure as settled by David. The gate was on the west side of the outer court, behind the temple buildings, and apparently at, or near, the head of the ramp or causeway (■■'^?t^) which led up to the sanctuary from the ravine which Joseiihus calls the Tyropoeon Valley. It has been suggested (cf. Smith's DB, s.v.) that the causeway was at ' Wilson's Arch ' ; but, in the uncertainty which still exists with regard to the site of the temple, and the condition of the hill in the time of Solomon, this can only be re- garded as speculation. Some authorities (e.g. Riehm [HfVB], Speaker's Com.), from the meaning of the word Shallecheth, ' casting forth,' consider the gate to be that by which the ashes and the otial of the victims were thrown out. It is, however, probable that the refuse of the temple was carried out on the east or south side, and burned, or other- wise disposed of, in the Kidron Valley. The LXX rendering, ' Gate of the Pastophorion,' appears to point to a building with chamoers, of which there were several round the outer enclosure of the temple. C. W. WiLSON.