BEYER.— The verbs to ' aever ' and to ' separate ' lK)th come from Lat. separare, the former tlirough Old Fr. sevrer, the latter directly. The form 'sever' now expres.ses a sharper stroke than ' separate,' but in older Eng. no distinction waa observed between them. All the verbs tr^ 'sever' in AV are also tr^ 'separate.' Cf. Bacon, Adv. of Lenrn. ii. 307, ' We see the chatV may and ought to be severed from the corn in the ear' ; and Khem. NT (note on Ac 10^), ' But when Heretikes began to rise from among the Christians, who professed ("hrist'a name and sundry Articles of faith as true believers doe, the name Christian was to common to sever the Heretikes from true faithful men : and thereupon the Apostles by the holy Ghost imposed this name Catholike upon the Heleevera which in al pointa were obedient to tlie Churches doctrine.' J. HASTINGS.
SEVERAL. — Juat as 'sever' in AV meana to
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appointed to be kept in several places'; wood. Hist. 107, ' Their [elders] office is
separate, so ' several ' means separate, distinct, at 2 K 15' ' He was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house'; Mt 25" 'to every man according to his several ability.' So aevcr- ally, 1 Co 12" ' dividing to every man severally aa he will.' Cf. Dt 7« Tind. 'Tlie Lorde thy God hath chosen the to be a severall people unto him silf; Tymme, Calvin's Genesis, 8S2 (Gn 49^), ' Every one of them blessed he, with a severall blessing ' ; Kidley, Works, 390, ' Our own servanta were taken from ua before and ... we each one
Calder- is as well severally, as conjunctly, to watch diligently over the flock committed to their charge.'
J. Hastings.
^ SHAALABBIN (r?^es» ; B SoXaiSe/.-, A Za\aft.di> ; Vulg. Sdchin). — A town of Dan mentioned be- tween Irshemesh (Beth-shemesh) and Aijalon (Jos 19"). It is apparently the same place as Shaaldim.
C. W. Wilson. SHAALBIM (D-3^iji ; in Joshua LXX B.4 have QaXa^dv, in 1 Kings B has Bij5a\o/ifi, A ^aXa/Stl/x ; Vulg. Salabim, Salebim). — A town mentioned with Mt. Heres and Aijalon as being occupied by the Amoritea who had driven the Danites into the hills (Jg 1"). It was, with Makaz and Beth- shemesh, in the district of one of Solomon's commissariat officers (I K 4'); and if it be the same place as Shaalabbin, it is mentioned with Aijalon and Betli-shemesh in Jos ig". It is prob- ably identical with Shaalbon, the home of one of David's heroes. Eusebius and Jerome (Onom. s. ZaXafitU, Salabim) identify it with Salaba, a large village in the territory of Sebaste ; but this is too far north of Aijalon. Elsewhere (Com. ad Ezek. 48) Jerome mentions 'the towers of Aijalon, and Selebi, and Eiumaus ' in connexion with Joppa and the territory of Dan. From this Conder (I'EF Mem. iii. 52) identifies Shaalbim with Selbit, about 8 miles N. of Beth-shemesh, 3 miles N.W. of Aijalon, and 2 miles N. of Eiumaus. Possibly (see Driver, Text, of Ham. 54) Shaalbim should be read for Shaalim in 1 S 9*. C. W. Wilson.
SHAALBONITE, THE CjskTn; in 2 S 4 2aXa- pupelTris ; in 1 Ch B 6 'Ofid, A 0 ZaKa^uii/t ; de Salboni). — Eliahba, the Shaalbonite, one of David's heroea (2 S 23^''', 1 Ch IT"), was a native of Shaal- bon, — a place not mentioned elsewhere. See Shaalbim. C. W. Wilson.
SHAALIM, THE LAND OF (D-fey-nx ; B rt,, rht 'EaaaKi/i, A t. 7. ZaaXei^x ; terra Salim). — Saul, when searching for his father's asses, passed through the land of Shaalim (IS 9*) after he had traversed the hillcountrv of Ephraim, and the land of Shalishah, and before he readied the ' land of Jemini ' (KV and AV ' land of the IJeiijamites ') — probably part of the territory of IJenjaiuin. If Saul started from Gibeah, and Shalishah was, aa seems probable, in thewes tern hills(seeSHALIsilAH), the land of Shaalim must have been a portion of the hill-country east of Lydda, and not far from the boundary of Benjamin. It is possible, how- ever, that Shaalim ia a textual error for Shaalbim of Jg 1", Jos 19*". See Driver, Text 0/ Sam. p. 54.
C. \V. Wilson.
SHAAPH (rii's*).— 1. The son of Jahdai, a Caleb- ite, 1 Ch 2". 2. A son of Caleb by his concubine Maacah, 1 Ch 2". In both passages B haa Ziyat, A Zdyatp.
SHAARAIM {a:isi^ ; ZaKaptln ; Saraim, Saarim). — 1. A town of Judali, in the Shephfilah (lowland), mentioned (Jos 15") in the same group with Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah. It waa unknown to Eusebiua {Onom. s. Zapaely). Conder (PA'/
472
SHAASHGAZ
SHALLUM
Mnn. iii. 194) suirgests Khurhet S'nireh, west of Beit AtAb ; others identify it with Zakariya (Riehm, HWB). Shaaraim is perhaps mentioned again in the pursuit of the Philistines after the death of Goliath (1 S 17°-), when ' tlie wounded Philistines fell down by the way to Shanraim (KVni ' the two gates '), even unto Gath and Eliron.' The meaning of the word is ' two gates,' and the LXX takes it in this passage to mean the gates of (Jath and Ekron. See, further, art. Gai, and Wellh. Savi. ad loc.