SHALLUM (mV and dScI).— 1. One of the kings of Israel, 2 K IS'""" (rcXXoO/n). He headed a con- spiracy against Zechariah, the last king of Jehu's dynasty, murdered him, and usurped his throne (c. 740 B.C.). After the short period of a month, he himself fell a victim to MenaHEM (see vol. iii. p. 340»). 2. It is not improbable that in Jer 22" (ScXXtJm) d^ (AV and RV 'Shallum') is meant to be an epithet, 'the requited one,' applied to Jehoahaz, or it may be that Shallum was the original name of the latter (see Jehoahaz, No. 2). I'lie Chronicler takes (perhaps from this passage) Shallum as a proper name, and makes nim th«
SHALLUN
SHAME
473
fourth son of Josiah, 1 Ch 3" (B Za\oin, A 2a\- XoiJ/x). 3. The husband (or son, LXX in 2 Kings) of HULDAII the prophetess, 2 K 22" (B LeXX^^, A ^tWo^M). 2 Ch 34" (BA i:c\XiM). 4. A Judahite, 1 Ch 2*'- (B i:aXor.^, A in v." ZaWoi'n). 5. A de- scenilant of Simeon, 1 Ch 4'^ (^aX^M)- 6. A hi^h priest, son of Zadok, 1 Ch 6"- 1» (B ^aXJi^i, A i;«X- Xoi'm), Ezr 7' (B ZeXoO/x, A ^cXXoi^m) = Salem of 1 Es 8' and Salemas of 2 Es 1'. 7. A son of Naphtali, 1 Ch 7" (B ^aXuni^ii-, A ^cWou^l), called in Gn 46=* and Nu 26'"' Shillem (cV?* ; in former passage A ^vW-^/a, in latter B IDcXXt), A i:«XX^/i), with the gentilic name Shilleniites ('Dferi ; B 6 2<XXi)Mei, A 0 ^fXXjjMi), Nu 2G". 8. The eponym of a family of gatekeepers, 1 Ch Q'""* (B laXli/i, A first time 2aXXci/i), Ezr 2*' = Neh 7" (B 2aXoi'./x, A SfXXoi;/i), called in 1 Es 5'-*SalUM, and (possibly) in Neh 12^ Mkshullam. 9. A Korahite gate- keepur, 1 Ch 9'" (B SaXu^ii^, A raXci/.) " (BA 'l^iaXJifi), called in 26'- '- ' Mesiielejiiah and in 20" Siielemiah. It is not at all unlikely that this name should be identified with the preceding. 10. Father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite chief, 2 Ch 28" (I'fXX^/i). 11. One of the porters Avho had married a foreign wife, Ezr 10" (B TeWrifi., n TaiX- Xei/i, A SoXXtJm). 12. One of the sons of Bani who had committed the same offence, Ezr 10" (B i;aXoi''/i, A ZeWovfi). 13. The son of Uallohesh, ruler of a district of Jerusalem. He and his daughters are recorded to have assisted in the repairing of the wall, Neh 3" (B SaXoil^, A SaXXouM, N OaXov/i).
14. The uncle of Jeremiah, Jer 32 [Gr. 39] ' (SaXii^i).
15. Father of Maaseiah, the keeper of the threshold, Jer 35[Gr. 42]*(-f^'iA'). J. A. Selbie.
8HALLUN (p^s').— The son of Col-hozeh, the ruler of the di.strict of Mizpah, who took part in the repair of the wall and gates of Jerusalem, NehS'MLXXom.).
8HALMAI See Salmai.
SHALMAN (15^).— Hos l<fl* (only) ' as Shalman gpolled Betharbel in the day of battle.' The identity of Shalman and of Binn-AliUKL (whicli see) are botli doubtful. The former name may be a contraction of S/uiimaneser, although the pro- phet's language, implying some event fresh in the memory of his hearers, does not suit the reign of Shalmaneser II. (n.c. 860-825) or even Shalmancser III. (783-773). If Shalmaneser IV. (727-722) be referred to, the words must be a later gloss (so AVullliauseii, Kl. Proph. ad toe). To the sug- gestion of Schrader [KAT* 441 [COT ii. 140]) that the reference may be to an incursion (cf. 2 K IS'-"") of the Moabite king Salamanu, mentioned in Tiglath-pile.ser'8 great triumphal inscription (II Rawl. ()7, line 60), both Wellh. and Nowack object that such an occurrence would have been too insignificant to supply material for the pro- phet's comparison. The versions give us no help, the LXX li reproducing '?k31!< n'j \::\v it'? by us ipXuo [i.e. ■ft' for tr] laXo^uiF it toO oiKov'lepo^od/x (A 'ltpo§ia\), while the V^ulp. has Hcut vaxiatus est Salmnna a domo ejus qui jtidicavit B<tnl, think- ing apparently of the slaughter of Zalnninna by Gideon (Jenjhbaal), Jg 8. J. A. Seluie.
SHALMANESER (ifKffl't', ZaXa^»o<rff(fp, Snl- maruuiiir). — The name is abbreviated from As.syr. Sulman-a.saridu, ' the god Sulman (of peace) is chief.' In 2 K 17' it is said tliat 'SlialnianuHer, king of Assyria,' came up against Hosliea of Samaria, who submitted at Brst, but afterwards, being detected in a conspiracy to revolt with the aid of the Egyptians, was deposed and imprisoned. Shalmaneser then besieged Samaria, n.c. 725. This was Shalmaneser IV. of the Assyr. monuments.
whose original name was UluIA, which he changed to Shalmaneser when he seized the throne (on the 25th day of Tebet, B.C. 727) after the death of Tiglathpileser III. He seems to have been • successful general, and to have had no hereditary rights to the crown. Josephus (Ant. IX. xiv. 2), quoting from Menander, states that he attacked Elukeus of Tyre, and, though tlie Assyrian lleet of 60 vessels was destroyed by the Tyrian fleet of 12, the city was closely invested on the land side. Shalmaneser died at the beginning of the month febeth during the siege of Samaria, B.C. 722, after a reign of only 5 years. See, also, art. Shal.man. a. H. Sayce.
SHAMA (ir^xf; B ZaiiaBi, A ZomauI).— One of David's heroes, 1 Ch ll".
SHAMBLES 1 Co I0=» 'Wliatsoever is sold in
the sliambles, that eat' (Gr. ^idKfXXoi', from Lat. macclium, a provision market). The word 'sham- bles' is now used of the slaughter-house, but for- merl}-, according to its origin, denoted the place wliere the meat was sold. It is the Anglo-Sax. scamel, a stool, from Lat. scamcllum, a little stool or bench. Cf. Congreve, Juvenal's Satires, xi. —