3. ' Upon Edom will I cast my ihoe' (Ps 60*= lOS"). — From the context the leading idea in this expression appears to be Ihat oi tn Icing possession of oT claiming as one's uini. Possibly the casting of the shoe upon a piece of land may have been a legal symbol, similar to that considered above, of a claim to ownership. Or the meaning may be, ' Unto Edom do I cast my shoe,' Edom being then represented as the slave to whom his master tosses his sandals (see Driver, Par. P.mU.'d. 169). Duhm also suggests that the allusions to Edom and Moab are designedly contemptuous, the latter being represented as a washing-basin for the feet, while Edom is thought of as a kind of corner into which dirty shoes may be cast.
The ' shoes ' (AV and RVm) of Dt 33=» should be 'bolts' or ' bars' (KV). The Heb. is '7^:- (cf. 'jiyju of Ca 5', Neh 3'- «■ "• "• "). G. M. Mackib.
SHOHAM (nny [on this word see art. 0nyx]j B 'Iffod/i, A 'I<r<rod/i, Luc. 'leaain). — A Merarite, 1 Ch 24".
SHOMER.— 1. 1 Ch 7". See Shemer, No. a 2. 2 K 12-'. See Shimeath.
SHOPHACH.— See Shobach.
SIIOSHAXXIM
SnU.MATHlTES
509
SHOSHANNIM, SHOSHANNIM EDUTH.— See
Psalms, p. 155'.
SHOVEL.— 1. [v;], only in plur. O'y; (from root .-j"= ' swecji together,' with collat. idea of carrying atcay. Is 28" toiily]), occurs 9 times (Ex 27* 38^ Nu 4" [all V], 1 K T*"-", 2 K 25", 2 Ch 4"-", Jer 52'*), always in a list of utensils belonging to the tabernacle or the temple. Tliere is no re.ison to doubt tliat shovels for removing tlie ashes from the altar are meant (cf. AVm note at Jer 52'*).
The LXX hug in IK T*)- «» (M. H) »,fix^rrput (' tonffS or pincen' for taking hold of hot metal or coals), in 2 K 25'^ it transliterates i^fjLi^t (so B ; A strangely luMTta.). In the other passages uf tile LXX either the Heb. word is not represented at all, or it is dillicult to say what stands for it in the Gr. text, which differs from the MT both in the order and in the number of utensiU mentioned.
2. nr-i Is 30^ [only]. This stands for the broad, shallow winnowing shovel (the irrioi' of Mt 3'-, Lk 3" ; cf. the use of tlie Gr. word [not found in LXX] in Horn. //. xiii. 588 ; Aeschyl. Fr. 194 ; Sophocl. Fr. 931 ; Theocr. vii. 156) with wliich com after threshing was thrown up against the wind to clear it of the chatl'. It is to be distin- guished from the 'T;!? (Arab, midra) mentioned along with it in Is 30" (elsewhere only Jer 15' fig. of winnowing, i.e. chastising, the people),* which was a fork with 5 or 6 prongs, used in the process of winnowing, along with the nn-i, in the way described in art. AGRICULTURE, vol. i. p. 51*, where both instruments are figured (cf. Wetzstein an. Del. Jes.- 707fl".). The EV of I.s 30=^ would therefore be improved by reading ' winnowed with the shovel and with the fork ' for ' winnowed with the shovel and with the fan.' The word 'fan,' which is misleading at best, ought, if retained in our version at all, to be used for nrn, not for Tip. J. A. Selbie.
SHREWD.— Sir 8'" only, • Open not thine heart to every man, lest he requite thee with a shrewd turn' (itai fiii dvaifiep^Tu cot x^-P'" '■ tbe sense, saj's Bissell, is given correctly bj' AV, x"/"" meanin" here ' an ill turn ' ; but RV renders literally, ' And let him not return thee a favour.' [Is ' shrewd ' a tr. of \p(i'oij, which is read before x"/"" i" some good M.SS and by the 'La.t.falsam gratiam':]).
The Eng. word 'shrewd' iB a participial adj. meaning 'maliciouB, originally the ptcp. of Mreic^n, to curse. The verb $hreieen was formed from the subst. 'shrew,' an Anglo-Sax. word, meaning a scolding or cursing person, usually a woman. Id Shaks. ' shrewd * has the general sense of ' bad ' ; it is applied to the contents of a paper, to news, to days and nights. The modern sense of ' clever ' perhaps occurs in Troit. and C'rens. I. ii. 200 — ' He has a shrewd wit, I can tell you.' But the usual meaning is ' sharp-tongued," 'shrewish,' as in Much Adn, ii. i. 20, 'Thou wilt never get thee a husband, if thou be so shrewd of thy tfmgue.' The expression in Sira<;h (a 'shrewd turn') occurs in All I WrII, III. V. 71 and Uenn/ VIII. v. iii. 178. So Latimer, 6Vwn A>r7/ioii*, 96, 'The greatest man in a realme can not so hurte a judge as the poore wj'ddow, suche a shrcwcde tunie she
cwidobiin.' J. Hastings.
SHRINE.- See under Diana, vol. i. p. 6(i6'.
SHROUD. — Coming from the Anglo-Sax. scrud, a gainient (connected with shred, as a portion tnrn off for some purpose), 'shroud' meant originally any piece of clothing. Thus Piers Pluwiimn, I'lol. i—
' I shope me in shroudes as I a shepe [ ■shepherd] were. Id habitti as an hereniit« unholy of workes ' ;
•The verb .111 In the sense of 'fan,' 'winnow,* 'sift,' occurs (In (Jal and Piel) as follows : Ru S>, Is 30« 41'« (mountains as object). Jer 4" (Og. of purillcatlon, I Ijn'-) 16'(ng., see above), Ps 1308 (fig., 'thou siftest (or winnowest, i.e. ecrutini^est nar. rowly] my path and my couch,'— Driver, Par. Pmlt. ad l->c.). Elsewhere the root haw the sense of 'acatter,' 'disperse' (<^al, Piel) or ■ be scattered ' (Niph., Pual).