SHUSHAN EDUTH.— See Psalms, p. 155*.
SHUTHELAH {nh:^>a; B SoirrdXa in Numbers, lijiBiXaB in 1 Chronicles ; A BuirovaaKa. and 9oi>- aoKa in Numbers, ^utidXa and '^uBiXe in 1 Chron- icles ; Vulg. Siit/iala ; gentilic name Shuthelah- ites "n^fv'C ; B 6 -om-aXael, A 6 Qoi'aaXal). — In Nu •2(335-37 (psj Shuthelah, Becher, and Tahan are given as the clans of Ephraim, and Eran as a 'son' or subdivision of Shuthelah. In the LXX Becher is omitted, Tahan becomes Tanach, and Eran (pj?) becomes Eden (pv). The parallel passage 1 Ch yjo-as i^g^g been variously altered and expanded ; instead of a Ii.st of three co-ordinate el.ans and one subdivision, MT has a genealogj' beginning with Ephniim and extending to Joshua, into which is inserted an episode concerning certain descendants of Ephraim (for which see Beeiah). Instead of Shutiielah, Becher, and Tahan as clans of Epliraim we have Shuthelah as the son, Bered the grand- son, Tahath the great-giandson of Ephraim. As the genealogy proceeds the names repeat them- selves. There is a second Shuthelah, and tlie 'and Telali ' (nSni) of v." is probably a tor.so of a third. Tahath occurs again in v.*, and Talian of v.^ is a variant of Tahath. Eleadah and Elead (v.™'-) are variants of the same name ; Zabad is a variant of 'and Bered.' Ladan (p>'^) may be a variant of Elead (lySx), and also represent the 'to Eran' (py'7) of Numbers. Thus in r." 'Shuthelah. . . Ele.adah,' (v.-'»') '[Tahath] . . . Elead,' (v.'^') '[Shu]T[li]elah . . . Ladan,' we seem to have three versions of the same genealogy variously supple- mented, all three, perhaps, ultimately based on Nu 20'"'"'', combined with some other source, in which Ezer and Elead were subdivisions of the clan Shuthelah. Cf. Genealogy, VII. 4.
LXX B has for v.a>f- 'And the sons of Ephraim: Sothalath. The 801)8 of Laiula. Noomc his son, Zabed his son. the nion of Guth,' etc. The oinis44ioiis may he due to tlie earelessiiess of scribes, but it is also possilile that the nanus oiuitlerl by L,\.\ were a very late addition to MT. W. 11. BEN'NE'I'T.
SHUTTLE.— Only Job 7« ' My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle ' (J^K, prop. ' loom ' ; cf. Jg 16" [the only other occurrence of the Ueh. wordj and Alooro's note there). See art. Weavi.vg.
SIA (KV'c), Neh 7", or SIAHA (xny/p), Ezr 2".— The name of a family of Nethinim (called in 1 Eb 5"" Sua) who returned with Zerubbabel.
LXX in Neh 7^^ : B 'Arcuni, A ^au«, X 'I«#mw«, Luc 'Ittr^eu; in Ezr 2" ; B 2*ijA, A^'J 'Aeaet, Luc. 'lurtat.
SIBBECAI.— See Mebunnai. 8IBB0LETH.— See Shibboleth.
SIBMAH (n;3i;' ; ^e^aiii, in Jcr. uatp-riiixi ; Snhama Sibama). — See Seham.
SIBRAIM (on?; ; B :;j^/)d^. A i^eppi/i, Q, ZKppalm
5i:
SICCUTH
SIGN
Sa/jarim). — One of the points on the ideal nortlu'in boundary of tlie Holy Land, described by EzeUiel, was to be ' Sibiaini which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Ilaniath' {Ezk47"'). Its site is uncertain. Von Kasteren (Huhl, 67) would identify it plausibly with Khurbet Som- barii/i:, between Merj Ayyun and Herinon.
C. W. Wilson. SICCUTH.— See CuiUN and Kephan.
SICKLE stands in EV of OT for two Heb. words, the distinction between which is not ap- parent.—1. cb-in Dt 16^ iP^i 2. S;? (cf. Aram. magaltd, Arab, 'manjal) Jer^ 50 (27) '«, Jl 4 (3) " (lig. of jud{;ment). The LXX in all these pas- sages has opiiravov, which is also the XT word for 'sickle' (Mk 4=^ Rev U"- '=•'«■ i?- '8 »'» i»). See, further, art. Acricultuue, and fig. in vol. i. p. 50".
SICYON (SiKutic, '^vKvwv, or 'ZvKiuv). — This name occurs in a list of places in 1 Mac 15^, to which Lucius, the consul, on behalf of the Komans, wrote (D.c. 139) to beg them to be friendly to the Jews, and to deliver up to Simon tlie high priest any fugitives from the Jews that had taken refuge with them. All the places mentioned in this passage were constantly visited by the trading vessels from Syria on their way to Italy. The matter of the letter is most probably authentic, though the form cannot be correct.
Sicyon is a town on the Gulf of Corinth, a few- miles to tlie N.W. of Corintli. The name seems to mean ' cucumber-town.' Tlie town stood ori- ginally on the shore with an acropolis above it, and this latter formed the town in the time of the Maccabees. In their time it was always to be found on the side of the Romans, and the direction of the Isthmian games was assigned by them to the inhabitants of Sicyon, though afterwards they were deprived of it. It appears to have been the centre of Roman power for that part of the world.
H. A. Redpath.
SIDDIM, YALE OF (D«!isTr ppy ; LXX r, fdpayi (or /toiXas) 7) dXuKi) ; Onk. Sam. vale of fields [i.e. cy^-r}] ; on Aq. Theod. see Field. The meaning of d--;' is obscure ; a connexion with Arab, sidd, ' dam,' 'mound' (Conder, Tent iryc/v, '208), is very doubtful). — The place in which the kings of the live cities of the Kikkar joined battle with Chedorla'omer and his allies (Gn 14^-*) ; said in v." to be full of wells of Bitumen (which see). In v.' it is identilied with the Salt Sea ; but this (if the entire sea is meant) is geologically impossible ; for the Dkad Sea existed ages before the t ime of Abraham : either therefore the clause v."' is a late and in- correct gloss, or the reference (if the narrative is historical) is to the shallow S. part of the Dead Sea (from the peninsula el-Lisan S. -wards), where, in the time of Abraham, there may have been dry land. This view, already allowed by Nbldeke in ISO'J, has also been adopte.l by the two geologists who have written most recently upon the subject. Blanckenhom, in an elaborate geological study ' On the Origin and Uistory of the Dead Sea ' ^ZDPV, 1896, 1-59), says (pp. 51-53) that to the 'critical geologist' the matter is 'extremely simple ' : at the beginning of the post-glacial period what is now the shallow S. part of the Dead Sea was fertile soil (like the present Ghur es-Si)fii/eh, at its S.E. corner [see Zoar]) ; but an earthquake took place, which caused a subsidence of the giounil, and overthrew all the cities except Zoar ; the ' Vale of Siddim ' was engulplied by the S. )art of the Dead Sea, and the site of the four cities