An inhabitant of Shunem is a Shunammite (n-SK' n'EjiB' ; B ZufiapelTis, A (in Kings generallj') -ovfxai'- (t7)5, Luc. Zu^a^irij), jjcrhaps .also called a Shnlam- mite (see SoNG OF SoNGS, p. 532*'). The vowel of the second syllable is in both cases a, as it is in the oldest spellings of the place-n.ime also (LXX and the Egyptian tr.'iiiscri|)tion Sbanama [Shanmii] given by W. M. Miiller, Asieti u. Eiiropa, p. 170). The interchange of the / and the n is further ex- emplified in the modern name SOlam compared with Shunem. The former may be a variant which existed even in biblical times.
Two women are designated Shunammites in the Old Testament. One is AbisiiaG (1 K !»• " on. 21. 22) xhe other is simply named ' the Shunammite ' (2 K 4'" "• *"). She is one of those who play a part in the history of Elisha (2 K 4'" 8'"). Her own history is interesting as a picture of domestic and social life, and particularly as an example of the position a Hebrew woman might occupy at the head of a household. Her power of initiative and freedom to act are prominent features in the narrative. It would almost appear as if she were proprietor of the land which belonged to the family, or perhaps rather an heiress who had brought wealth to her husband (4' 'a great woman,' cf. 1 S '2'>-, 2 K 4'" 8'). It has been supposed that by the date of the events recorded in ch. 8 she was a widow. Even in these circumstances her in- dependence is notable. W. B. Stevexson.
SHUNI Cjic').— A son of Gad, Gn 46" (A Zawlt. I) and Luc. Za.n-Ws), Nu 2G'»<"> (B Zomd, AF 2oi/»(, Luc. "Zuvvl). Tlie gentilic name Shunites (•)'»■!) also occurs in the latter passage.
SHUPHAM, SHUPHAMITES, SHUPPIM.— See
MUPI'I.M and Shei'HUPHAM.
SHUR (■»=> ; LXX usually lovp, but Gn 25" ZonjX, 1 S 15' AcTffoi'p, 27' a confused doublet -\toD/j ■.•treixiff- liivuv). — The name of a place, or district, on the N.E. border of Egypt. It is mentioned Gn 16' (where the angel hnds Hagar ' by the fountain on the way to Shur'), 20' (Abraham dwelt ' between Kadesli and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar'), 25" (the Ishmaelites dwelt 'from I;Iavilah — prob. N.E. Arabia — unto Shur that is in front of — i.e. east of —Egypt' ; cf. 1 S 15' 27»), and Ex 15=^ (where the Israelites, after the passage of the Red Sea, go out into ' the wilderness of Shur,' t.e. the wilderness bordering upon it). The ' way to Shur ' was no doubt the principal caravan route leadin" from Uebron and Beersheba into ECTpt, and liaving close to it (Gn 16'^) the well Beer-Iahai-roi. Though the general position of Shur is thus clear, the precise meaning of the expression is, however, uncertain. A line of fortresses, if not, as others think, an actual wall (anhu), had been built at a very early date, as a defence against invaders from the East ; * and as the Heb. -f.-j means a wall, it has been often thought that this is what the term denotes.t Others, starting from the same meaning of ' Shur,' have supposed it to denote a long range of white clift's, running parallel with the coast, some 12-14 miles E. of the Gulf of Suez, now called Jebel er-Rrdiah, which at a distance presents the appearance of a wall (so F. W. Holland in Recovery of Jems, ail ; Porter in Kitto, iii. 1079 f.; Palmer, Desert of Exodus, i. 38 f., and others) : it is said, indeed, that this range is still called by the Arabs Jebel es-Sftr (Rowlands in "Williams' Holy City, i. 465). It is, however, some objection to both tlie.se views that i-c' is an Aramaic (Ezr 4'^- "• '") rather than a Heb. word (it occurs in Heb. only in poetry, and there but rarely, Gn 49", Ps 18-'»=2 S 22^"), and also that it has not the art. (as is usual with topographical terras possessing an appellative force, e.g. ■iJTiCi I'-tj'C). The most important of the border fortresses referred to above was Ta-ru (Tor), the Selle of the classical writers, often mentioned as the starting- point of military expeditions (Ebers, I.e. 80 f. ; Maspero, I.e. 75 [map], 201 ?!. 4, and esp. Struggle of the Nations, 122f., 370, 371 i.;t Erman, 537), now tell Aba-S6feh, 20 miles S. of Port Said ; and \V. M. Miiller (PSBA x. [1888], 476, As. u. Eur. 102) would identify this fortress with Shur, supjiosin" 'Shur '(wall) to be its original name, represented in Egyp. by Ja-ru {Ior).i S. R. DRIVER.
SHUSHAN (\<?>^, Zoma, Zou<rd»).— The Snsa (Ad. Est IF) of the Greeks, now Sus or Shush in S.W. Persia, between the Shapur and the river
• .Masi)ero, Dawn of Ciiyil. 351 f. Il is mentioned in the Flight of Sinuhit, under Usertesen i. (B.C. 275S-2714, Petrie) ; iljid. 489 n., 471 ; Petrie, F.qi(p. Tales, i. 100 f. ; \V. M. .Miiller, ^». «. Kur. 43 f. ; Sajce, UC'M 203 ; Hogarth, .4 uf A. awl .itch. 67 f. See also Ebers, Af^]. u. die Bb. Mose's, 78-82 ; Trumbull, Katlesh-Bariua, 44 ff. The names and destinations of persons passing these fortresses were taken down by officers : see Erman, Life in Ancient Equpt, 537 f. ; Hogarth, i.e. 60.