J. A. SEI.IilE.
SUPPER.— See FOOD, vol. ii. p. 41i> ; and for the ' Last Supper' see LoitD'S SfPPKU.
SUR (B 'Affffoip, A Soup). — One of the towns on
• For other fonns of the sun.god and snn-worshlp see tha articles Baal, Ciirmosii Moleoii, and Tam.muz. t Sip/i. Is attributed aiso to tho NUo In Ex 23J (cf. Is 196).
630 SUKE, SURELY, SURETY
SUSANNA
the seacoast of Palestine upon whose people the fear and dread of Holofernes fell when they heard that he had reached Damascus (Jth 2-»). i he to\vns are mentioned in order from nortli to south ; and Sur comes between Tyre and Oeina-the next place to the south being Jemnaan (Jamma). ine site, if a diUerent place from Tyre ("eb. Jor, Arab. Siir), is unknown. C. \V . W ILSON.
SURE, SURELY, SURETY. -The adjectives •secure,' 'sicker' (or 'siker'), and ' sure ' all come trom the Lat. secunts ; the hrst bemg taken directly, the second through the influence of the Teut. siker, sicker; the last through the Old. tr ,ei<r (mod. sHr). ' Secure ' retained the meaning of the Lat. {se ' without,' cura ' care ; see SECURE) , between 'sicker' and 'sure' the diflerence was mainly one of dialect, tdl 'sicker' dropped out of literary English. Thus Chaucer lale of Melibeus, ^G42, 'Whan thow trowest to te niost seuT or siker of hir [fortune's] help, she wol faille thee and decey>-e thee.' Both had a wider use than ' sure ' has now.
•Sure- was otten used where we should J"^ "=«. '.'^™"\' ThusUdall, Erasmus' Par. i. 13, ' Solitannes doeth Qu-f ™ ^°d make lustve the mind of a Christian souldier^ and !0™^ '™=^' is more sure for a man to count himself to th'J-'^ be^tes than to men. Baptisme taketh away al Bumes o«he former me but for al that, no man is sure from the assaultes of SaWn wfichUvelh sluggishly.- . So Pr. Bk. ^-/; (1«|' 7^e^|„°^™J was any thing by the wit of man so ,'"f Revised or so sure esfahlished which (in contmuance of time) hatti not Deen co^upted ■■ And in ^AV 1 S 23= ' I ^rtll build ^im a sure house^^ : Is "22J ' I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place , 32"> ily people shaU dweU ... in sure dwellings.'
this thing is kno«-n'; 1 S 15^^ ' surely the bi ter- ness of death is past ' ; Is 40' ' surely the people is <rrass'- Jer4"' 'Ah, Lord God! surely thou hast "reatly deceived this people.' The same word 18 tr. 'verily' in Is 45'\ 'truly 'in JerS-^'"', ' cer- tainlv ' in Jer S^. (2) 'Im (an emphatic negative) as Nu 14^ ' surely they shall not see the land which 1 sware unto their fathers' ; or 'im-Zo' (an emphatic affirmative), as Ezk 36' 'Surely in the fire of my iealousy have I spoken against the residue of the heathen.' (3) 'Omnam (a strong asseverative from 'Oman, 'to confirm'), as Job 34i^ 'Yea, sure y God will not do wickedly' (RV 'of a surety ). (4) '>S 1'^' 'The man that hath done this thing shall surely die' (Heb. 'is a son of death'; cf. 1SO031264 (5)dX„9i!, as Mt 26^ 'surely thou also art one of them?' (RV 'of a truth ) ; Jn 1, 'They have known surely that I came out from thee' (RV 'of a truth') (6) '^•'^}'',;^^f,2^ wUl surely say unto me this proverb (RV doubt- less ye will say'). (7) v M M<-. He 6» • Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee' (5) [edd. ri] ^y '^^oy^' '^"VS^Si Kal TXTjevyu," ■,r\r,6v.C> <re). (8) voX, Rev 22-° Surely I come quickly ' (RV ' yea ').
Fvamnles of 'surelv' are Knox, But. S16, 'I thinke and am sufelHSwSded^ Bhemfsh NT, Preface, ' Vulpilas surely ^ tte Scr^pfures to the Gothes in their o^vn tonge, and that before he was an Arrian.' Gen«r!/dei(E.E.T.b.;, IJii- 'They were fully accordid all in one _ That Auferius suerly shuld be ther kyng.
Tnc adverb surely, in like manner, means some- times securel,/ : Pr 10» ' He that walketh uprightly walketli surely.' Cf. Robinson, More's Utopia, 141 ' Tliey fence and fortitie their campe sewerlye with a deape and a brode trenche.' Jer 3o» Gov ' The wordes which lonadab the sonne ofl Rechab commaunded his sonnes, that they shulde drynke no wyne, are fast and surely kepte' ; Eiyot, froyer- nour, ii. 237, ' David . . . came to the pavilion of kin" Saul, where he found hym suerly slepynge, havin-'e by him his speare and a cuppe with water. But it IS of more importance to observe that in its ordinary meaning ' surely ' has now lost so much of its force that its use in AV sometimes suggests to the reader the opposite of that which is intended. Thus in On 2'^ the first instance of its use, ' In the day that thou eatest thereof thou Shalt surely die,' the assertion is the strongest possible. The Hebrew is the idiomatic phrase, • dvin.' thou Shalt die.' But tlie English suggests a slight doubt. So in Gn 3* ' And the serpent said unto the woman. Ye shall not surely die, ».«. l^e shall certainly not die.
This Heb. idiom, an account of which will be found to Davidson's Hebrnv Svntax. % 86 or in Gesenius ■ hautach < 113 is variously rendered in AV. Sometimes the idiom is oreserved as On 22" 'in blessing I wUl bless tliee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed.' More frequently an advert or adverbial phrase is inserted, Buch as 'exceedn.s y On lfil», 'cert."iinlv' On 1810 437, 'doubtless 2 S 51« 'utteHy Dt 122. Jg 12S i.vi. Zee U»' : ' clean ' Zk!C 11" ; 'solemnly On 4. ■> . •airnestlv' IS 2n«; 'altogether' Nu 1613, Jcr 30" ; ' ncc. s oTa^" 'indeed' Gn 378 i^' ever' Jg 11^5 ; 'plainly ' IS 2^ 10 «; •at air 2K183S, Jer28i5; 'straitly' On 4^, IS 1428- 'freely On 216 But bv far the most frequently used adverb 18 ' Burelv , and in everv instani:e it has the force of 'assuredly or cer- tainly.' Thus Gn 2822 • i will surely give the tenth unto thee . fs 13=2 ' We shall surely die. because we have seen God ; llab2^ 'It will surely come, it wiU not tarry.' Cf. Su- 48" We shaU surely live ' (.1^ ZvofMiia).