the time of bringing the meal-offering (1 K IS** and of the evening sacrifice (Ezr y*, Dn 9''). These last two refer to the same point of time. D'l' sometimes means ' day ' in contradistinction tc 'night' (nS;S) Gn 29', sometimes it represents the civU day of 24 hours, including night (Gn P etc.) The phrase D:;^i'.7 j'5 ' between the two evenings (Ex 16'- etc.), the time at which the paschal lamb and (Ex 29'°etc. ) the daily evening offering were brought, represents some period in the late after- noon.
The Hebrews also had terms for the days in relation to one another — c»r¥ ' the previous even- ing,' '^iD? or ^cnx 'yesterday,' ^^o ' to-morrow,' ti\s\^ ' the day before yesterday.' But they did not divide the days into hours until late ; in fact, tLo custom lonw persisted of counting by portions of the day. The term yj-i (in derivation = ' moment,' movimentum) meant an 'instant,' or a longer, but still very brief, interval of time, the chief idea being suddenness or rapid passage. -;'y' ' hour ' is Aramaic (Dn 3*), and is common in Syr. and in later Hebrew. ' Originally it denoted anjf small interval of time, and was only gradually hxed to what we call an " hour " ' ( Driver). The hours of the Mishna differed in duration, as they were reckoned as j^th of the actual day. Earlier than the division of the day into hours was the division of the ni;,'ht into three watches (.Tjiajx, n-ib;-N), La 2'9, Jg 7'", Ex 14=-«, 1 S 11". The threefold division continued into post-Roman times, 1st cent. [Bera- kkoth 36) ; but the Roman di\asion into four watches was also known (ib.- cf. Mk 13**, where all four watches are referred to: 'in the evening' d^^, 'at midnight ' fieaoyvKTiOv, ' at cock-crowing ' dXficTpo- (puviai, or ' in the morning ' vpwt), and these ex- tended from six to six o'clock. Cock-crow is an interesting note of time (Lk 22*°), to which con- siderable importance was attached by Rabbinical Jews. There is still a morning benediction in the Jewish liturgy to be recited at cock-crow.
I. Abrahams.
TIMNA (wtfB, Qafiva). — Concubine of Elipliaz, Esau's son, and mother of Amalek, Gn 36'-. The branch of the Amalekites in question was closely associated with the Horites, Gn SG-"- ", 1 Ch V"- ". In all these passages the spelling should be Timna, the Heb. being everywhere J';"b. RV has in- advertently followed AV spelling Timnah in Gn 36". See Timnah, No. 3.
TIMNAH (njiri 'lot,' 'portion').— 1. A place on the N. boundary of Judah, situated between Beth- shemesh and ' the side of Ekron ' (Jos 15'° B X(3a, A vtn-ov, Thamna). It was a Phili.stine town (Jg 14' Qa)iva6a, Thrimnatha), within the territory of Dan (Jos 19" B QaiivaBi, A Qap-vd, Themnatha), to which S.'unson went down from Zorah to take his wife (Jg 14'---° ; Jos. Ant. V. viii. 5, 6), whose father is called the Timnite in Jg 15'. There Samson slew the young lion, and propounded his well-known riddle at the marriage-feast. Timnah was taken by the Philistines during the reign of Ahaz, not long after they had been completely subdued by Uzziah(2Ch28'*6ci,KKi, Thmnna) ; and later it was occupied by Sennacherib after he had defeated the Egyptians at Elteke {Altaku). It is called in the inscriptions Tamnd, and is mentioned as lying between Elteke and Ekron (Schrader, KAT^ 170).
Timnah retains its old name almost unchanged, and is now Tibneh, on the S. side of the valley of Sorek {Wddi/ es-Surar) and to the W. of Beth- shemesh ('Ain Sliems). The site is deserted, but is marked by ruined walls and rock-hewn caves, cisterns, and wine-presses. On the N. side of the ruins is a spring. Vineyards and olive grove» still cover the nill-slopes between Tibneh and iVddy es-Surar (PEF Mem. ii. 417, 441).
TIMXATH
TIMOTHY
rc:
2. (B OafivaSi, A Qaiwd ; Thnmna) A toNSTi in the liill-couiitry of Judali, mentioned witli Cain nnil Gibeah (Jos 13"). It is now Tibnn near Jeb'a (Gibeah), ami about 8 miles west of Bethlehem. The site is mai keil by a few foundations onlj-, and is reached by a path from Bcil Neltif, about 'I^ miles to tlie west (P£F Mem. iii. 53). This is probably tlie Timnali (Gn 38'-- "• '■', Go^o-A, Tkam- natlut), to which Judali 'went up' to visit his sheep-shearers. The narrative gives no other in- dication of position.
3. (I'jcn ; Qaixvi ; T/iamna) The name of one of the 'dukes' of Edora, and probably also of a town or district (Gn 36", 1 Ch 1" : cf. Gn 3(5'-- ^, 1 Ch 1^). See also art. TimN'a. Eusebius and Jerome lOnoyn.) identify it with Thamna, a town of Edom in their day. C. W. WlLSON.
TIMNATH (AV Thamnatha ; Oaiifdea; Tham- naln). — t»ne of the strong cities in Jud.nea built by Baccliides(l Mac !P). The name occurs between Bethel and Pliaralhon. Pharathon may perhaps be a corruption of Ephraim (,et-TaiyiOen), and in this case Timnath would be Thamna, now 'I'ibnch, on the Roman road from Antipatris to Jeru.salem, which Jo.seplius says was the chief town of a toparchy (ii./ III. iii. 5). G. A. Smith (IIGUL 3.'i.")n.) con.-siders that the two names Timnath and Pharathon should not be separated, and that the}- represent one place, — Pharathon being Wddy Far'ah, and Timnath being reco''nized in the name Tammiin, so common now at the head of WciUy Far'ah. But this position is too far N. to have been in Juda'a. C. W. Wll.soN.