F. Ll. Griffith. TIRHANAH (njinB ; B Oapd/i, A Oapxi'd, Luo. Oapaavd). — A son of Caleb by his concubine, Maacab, 1 Ch 2«.
XIRIA (N,-i'R, but Baer n.-jb ; B ora., A Qiipid, Luc. 'Eeptd).—A son of Jehallelei, 1 Ch 4'".
TIRSHATHA (Nny-iBn).— The word occurs in five places ; the LXX omits it altogether in Neh 8" 10' ; reads on the doubtful authority of a late corrector 'AeapaaSd in Neh 7"; and in Ezr 2<^, Neh 1" fluctuates between A 'ABep(ja.dA, B 'Adepaad, and 'kaepaaOd. The term occurs also under the dis- guised form of Attharias in 1 Es S*" and of Atthar- ates in 1 Es 9"* (cf. vol. i. p. 203). That the word is the name of an oifice, is indicated by the constant presence of the article ; but Ewald's (UI, Eng. tr. V. 87) conjecture of the high-shrievalty is not happy. The word is genuine Persian, a modified form of a hj'pothetical Old Pers. tarsata (cf. J. Scheftelowitz, Ariseh^ imAT, p. 93), of which ' his reverence ' in its literal sense and not in its ecclesiastical usage may be taken as a close modern erjuivalent. In Neh 12^ and elsewhere, for the Persian term is substituted the Semitic nnrrt (see GovEliNoi;), which is the title of the prefect or viceroy, with both civil and military functions, of a province or smaller district under either Assyrian or Persian rule. The ap])ointment was made directly by the king ; and when for any reason such an ollicial was sent on special service, his relation to the chief of the province was not always clearly dolined, and friction and jealousy followed (Ezr 5^ to O'''). The title is derived from the Assyrian pahii, through the Babylonian pahat (see Delitzsch, llcb. Lang, in Light of Assgr. liesearch, pp. 12, 13 ; Schrader, COT i. 175, 176), and is neither post-exilic nor Persian in its origin. Its use dates from the time of Jeremiah, and con- tinued into the 'r.ilniudic period, when the term was used as e(iui\alent to dpxtepe'is (Bikkurim, iii. 3). On the whole the Tirsliatha appears to have been a royal commissioner or plenipotentiary, invested with the full powers of a satrap or viceroy, and em])loyed on a special mission with the accom- plishment of which his appointment ceased.
R. W. Moss.
TIRZAH (nyiB, Qepffd).—!. Mentioned Jos 12=^ as one of the 31 places whose kings Joshua smote. Tirzah afterwards became tlie capital of Jerolioam I., presumably of his son Nadab, and certainly of the three adventurers, Baasha, Elah, and Zimri (1 K 14" 15-'- ss 1G«- »• »• "). In 1 K 14" the reading of the LXX (A) is Sapipd, i.e. Zercda, Jeroboam's birthplace. Baasha was buried at Tirzah ( 1 K 10''), probably Elah also, as it was there he was slain wliile drinking in the house of one of his oflioers (v."'-). The Omrides transferred the seat of govern- ment to Samaria (vv.-»- -"), but Tirzah retained its importance probably as a fortress, as it was there [if MT be correct, but cf. LXX and Buhl, p. 247] that Menahem gathered a force to attack Shallura (2 K 15'''). After this Tirzah drops out of history.
In Ca 6* the Sliulammite is declared to be beautiful as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem. The Heb. custom of per.sonifying cities as women robs this comparison of the strangeness it would else have for us. It may be the fjlory and prestige of the capital that leu to the simile, quite as much as the circumstance that Tirzah had a reputation for beauty, or that it occupied a site renowned for its loveliness.*
• Neither LXX nor Vulgato take Tirzah hero on a proper name. A derivation from .njq, to delight, Ig implied in tlieil renderings {tUtuin, ttiavi*).
780
TISHBITE
TITHE
The site of Tirz.ah has not yet been recovered beyond doulit. Triasir, a fortress on the high road from Shechuin to Bethshan at its junction with the Abel-inehohih road (see G. A. Smith, HGUL 355), seems too far north to suit 2 K 15", and generally farther north tlian Jeroboam would be likely to fix his home. Robinson {BliP' iii. 302 f.) suggests tlie identilitation of Tirzah witli Tulluzah, a town on a liill not far north of Mt. Ebal, which agrees witli the position assigned to Thersa by Brocardus (Descriptio, v\i.), 3 leases east of Samaria. A. Socin in Baedeker's Pal. and Syr. accepts this identilication ; but Buhl (GAP 203) is inclined to identify Tirzali with the modem et-Tire, the Tirathana of Jos. {.Int. xviu. iv. 1) in tlie neigh- bourhood of Gerizim.
2. One of tlie five daugliters of Zelophebad who.se case decided woman's rights in property among the Jews. The order of their names (Nu26**27' 36", Jos 17', all 1') differs in 36" from tliat of the other lists, and Heb. and LXX do not agiee.
A. S. Aglen.
TISHBITE.— See Elijah, vol. i. p. 687 ; and cf. Ed. Konig in Expos. Times, xii. (1901) 3S3.
TISHRI (Month).— See TotK.
TITANS.— A Greek word {T{e)iTaves), mythological in its history and meaning, used in the LXX in translating the term ' valley of Kephaim ' in 2 S 5" "-. It is also used in Judith (16'), in the en- comium npon the heroine —
' For their mighty one fell not by young men. Neither did sons of Titans smite him, Nor tall giant.s set upon him ; But Judith," etc.