TREASURY (OF TEMPLE).— The word yofo^u- \iiaov, tr. ' treasury ' in the NT, is used in the LXX for the Heb. woids* meaning cells or apartments of the tenijde court, in whicii sacred ollcrings and utensils were kept, and in which also the jn icsts dwelt.t The word is used in the Hooks of jSIac- cabees of the sacred treasury in whicli not only public treasures were stored, but also public records,* as well as property belonging to widows and orphans.§ In the inner court of Herod's temple there were rooms which JosephusH repre- sents by 7aj'o0i;XdKia, showing that llie term had a wider sense than 'treasury' would suggest. In the NT the word is used in three places, viz. Mk 12^'""||Lk21', Jn8-'».
Josephus has it in the singular.ll apparently for the special room in tlie women's court in which golil and silver bullion were preserved. In Jn 8™ this sense would stand, but not so in the parallel passages of Mark and Luke, where the word is a|i- parently the equivalent of the Ralibinical m-i;ic, ' trumpets,' so called because they had the shape of the rain's-horn trumpet. There were thirteen such boxes, and they may be assumed to have been in the women's court, or the widow could not have got at them with her mite. Six out of the thirteen were to receive free gifts, the remaining seven being for distinct purposes, figured probably on the boxes. They were most likely placed on each side of the large gate which led trom the women's to the men's court. See Te.MI'LK (Herod's), and cf. al.so art. Treasure. T. W. Davies.
TREE (]"i 'I'z, Sivipov, fiiXoi/).— The Holy Land is not now a land of trees. Even the mountain to|)s are for the most part bare, and none of the primeval forests have been preserved. This very fact emphasizes the importance and value of trees, wherever they are planted or grow spontaneously. A large part of the trees that exist are cultivated for their fruits, as the palm, fig, apple, pear, ajiricot, peach, plum, banana, oranj;e, lemon, citron, walnut, pistachio; or their leaves, as the mulberry ; or their wood, as the pine. Solitary trees or small groves are planted by tombs (1 S 31''') or on high places. From ancient limes men loved
" n;;^ and (Neh 3'» 1244 is7f ) n;;;'^. ♦ Neh 137 lone.
1 1 Mac 144» ; cf. Grimm, ad luc.
I 2 Mac 3"> ; cf. Grimm, ad (oo. ; 1 Mac 144a, 2 Mac S«< ■mvi \>t BIS. I /W v. V. 2, Ti. T. 2. U AnI. XIX. vi. 1
flO
teespass-offeki:ng
TRIBE
to rest under such trees (Gn IS*- », 1 S 22"). When the hail broke ' every tree ' in E^'ypt (Ex 9^), it was a national disaster. A fruit tree near a besiej,'ed city was not to be cut down (Dt 20'^), but to be kept for the use of the besieged. Otlier trees might be cut (v.-"). 'A tree planted by watercourses' (Ps 1') was an emblem of vigour (cf. the vision in Dn 4). The expression ' tree of life ' (Gn 3-- ^) was afterwards applied figuratively (Pr 3'* 11^° 13'- 15^). A tree is known by its truit (Mt 12^). Allusion is made to the great variety of trees which nourish in Palestine (Lv 19-^, Ec 2^). Under ' the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ' (Gn 2" 3") our first parents fell. Under the trees of Getli- scmane our Saviour accepted His Fatlier's will (Mt o|;;iG-i6) T[,g < jree of life ' in heaven has food and healing for the nations (Rev 22-'- '■').
The trees of Palestine and Syria are tamnrisk, orange, lemon, citron, zakkflm, Pride of India, jujube, maple, pistachio, terebinth, sumach, mo- ringa, mastich, carob, redbud, acacia, almond, cherry, plum, apple, pear, service tree, medlar, liawthorn, olive, axh, cordia, castor-oil, elm, hack- berry, mulberry. Jig, syr.omore, plane, walnut, alder, hornbeam, ironwood, hazel, oak, beech, willow, poplar, cypress, juniper, yew, pine, cedar, spruce, palm. Those which are in italics are mentioned in EV sometimes wrongly (see artt. on individual trees). Tlie chestnut (AV ; RV plane tree) is not found in Palestine.
G. E. Post.
TRESPASS-OFFERING.— See Sacrifice.
TRIAL.— See Judge and Sanhedrin. TRIBE.—
i. Teriiis.—la EV 'tribe' is tr. in OT of Heb. npD matteh (^vXti, tribus), B^C* ahibhet, or c^::' shebhe\ {fvXr., tribiis), Aram. cspl shibhai (ifiKii, tribus) ; in NT of Gr. <pi/>.r,. Ai»iixxCt/Kov is used Ac 20' for ' the set of twelve tribes.' In Is l'Ji>' sliftibet is used of the 'tribes' (Chej-ne 'castes,' I)uhm ' Homes') of t^j^n'pt, nnd in Mt 24^0 ^t^^ii of 'tribes' generally; othenvise all tiiese words are used exclusively of the tribes of Israel, except that tt/iehhet is occasionally used of the subdivisions of these tribes, .li,' 2012, IS 921, according' to MT 'tribes of Benjamin'; but probably the sin;,', should be read, 'tribe of B." (Moore, H. P. Sinithl ; and Nu 4i» MT, 'cut not ofl the tribe of the famines,' where, however, we should perhaps read 'cut not off from the tribe," etc. [the text is doubtful, see L.XX, Vulg.). The use of 7natt<:h And shebhe^ for 'tribe' is fijjurative, the words meaning orife-inally 'rod,' ' stafi,' 'sceptre,' 'branch,' etc., in which senses they are used in OT. Ox/. Ueb. Lex. explains under .-i:iD : * tribe, orig. company led by chief with staff.'