2. In Dt 16'" EV ' with a tribute of a freewill oll'oring ' would be clearer if liV'm were adopted : 'after the measure of the,' etc. The Heb. [here onl}-] is n;7, common in Aram. = 'suliiciency,' and as adv. ace. =pro ratione. The meaning is that the otl'erer is to give according to the full measure in which Jahweli has blessed him in the year's harvest (see Driver, nd loc, and Oxf. Heb. Lex. s.v.).
3. rrj7 (loan-word from Assyr. mandnttu, ' tri- bute')', Ezr 4", Neh 5*. i. 'i'?? (prob. the Assyr. bUtu, 'impost'; see Schrader, CUT ii. 65 f.). S. Djt, prop, 'computation,' used only of the duty for Jahweh levied on the spoil, Nu 3"l'^- <"■ 's- ^■■"- " [all P]. 6. k;9, lit. 'burden,' 2 Ch 17" (cf. 2 Ch 24", Hos S'O). 7. Sii- ' fine,' ' indemnity,' 2 K 23^ (of tlie sura exacted by Pharaoh-necho after he had dejiDscd Jeboahaz), cf. Pr 19" (AV 'punisbmint,' RV 'penalty '). J. A. Seluik.
TRIBUTE (IN NT).— Kfifffoj, Lat.ce?wi«(Mt22", Mk 12"), 0opos (Lk 20" 23», Ro 13«'), in Mt 17"' tAi7 7) KJifcotC toll or tribute '), an annual tax levied on persons, houses, or lands. In all the passages quoted the reference is to the imperial taxes, to tjixe.s paid to a prince or civil governor on behalf of the Roman treiusury. Bolli h^ktos and <p6pot are, properly, direct taxes. The tpipoi, strictly bpeaking, were taxes iiaid bv agriculturists, the payment being generally maile in kind, and were contrasted with the tAt; or customs collected by the publicans. The word Kr/fffot, again, waw origin- ally used of the property register upon which taxation was calculated, and thence came to mean
the capitation or poll tax (cf. D in Mk 12" c'ttiw- (tidXaiov). In Mt IT-* the word tr. 'tribute' in .W and ' half-shekel ' in KV is the didrachmon. This sum every adult male Israelite had to pay to cover the cost of the public sacrilices at the temple. The ' stater ' of v." was a tetradrachmon, equal to a whole shekel, and therefore payment for two. After the destruction of Jerusalem, Vespasian caused the Jews to pay this didrachmon tax for the support of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome. Nerva, though not abolishing the tax, made it less oflensive to the Jews by dissociating it from this heathenish use. See JIONEY.
LlTKRATiRE.-Schurer, UJ P (1S90), l. il. 110, 2,S4 ; M.arquart, limnijtc/ieStaatsverrcaltunff, ii. 185 ff. Also, generally, R. Cagnat, £tMde Hisloritfue eur Us Imp6ts Indirect^, i'aris, 1SS2 ; and Otto HirschfeW, UnUreudiungen avj dtin {iebi*'le der Rom, VerwaltuiigsgescliichU, L (down to Diocletian), Berlin, 1S77.
J. Macpherson.
TRIBUTE MONEY, t4 yifuty/ia ToD KT/fo-ou (Mt 22'"), the coin used in payment of the imperial taxes. The phrase literally means ' the lawful money of the tax.' The tribute had to be paid in the current coin of the realm. See Money.
TRIPOLIS (i TplTToXts).— A city of Syria, at which Demetrius Soier landed with an army when he wrested the kingdom from his cousin Antiochus v. (2 Mac 14' ; Ant. XII. x. 1). It was to Tripolis that Antiuclius Cyzicenus retired after being defeated by Ilyrcanus {.Int. xill. x. 2).
Tripolis was a maritime town of Plucnicia, and a member of the Phccnician league. Its I'hceni- ciau name, and the date of its foundation, are unknown ; but it must have been founded some time after Aradus. Each of the principal Phoeni- cian cities. Tyre, Zidon, and Aradus, had its separate quarter at Tripolis, and hence the name— ' tlie three cities.' Little is known of its early history, but, from its position near the western end of the ' entrance of Hamath,' it must have been a place of commercial importance. It was adorned with stately buildings Ijy the Seleucids and the Romans, and a gjinnasium was built there by Herod the Groat (Jos. BJ I. xxi. 11). When Tripolis was besieged by the Arabs, most of the inhabitants escaped by sea, and after its capture it was colonized with Persians and Jews. E\en in A.D. 1047, Nftsir-i-Khu-srau writes that all the Moslems belonged to the Shi'ah sect. Tripolis was taken by tlie Crusaders (A.D. 1109), when a valuable library was burned. Under the Franks there was a large silk industry, which was destroyed when the place was captured by the Egyptians (A.D. 1289). At this time Tripolis occupied its original position on the seashore; but the constant attacks of tlie Franks created such a feeling of insecurity that in 1306 a new town, the present Tardbulus, was founded about 2 miles inland, on higlier ground on the banks of the Nalir Kadi'iha. The old town had the sea on three sides, and on the fourth it was protected by a wide, deep ditch. Hardly a trace of its great buildings remains; war and a succession oi severe earth- quakes have destroyed everything. The site is now occupied by el-Minn, the seaport of Tnrdbuh'is, whicli has a large and increasing trade. The idain between old and new Tripolis is still remarkable for the exuberant fertility which attracted the attention of all media;val pilgrims and travellers.
C. W. Wilson. TROAS {Tptfidt, or more correctly ' AXe^ifSptia ^) Tpvds) was a city on the /Egean coa.st of Asia Minor, opposite the small island of Tenedos. The district in which it was situated was sometimes called as a whole Troas, and is in modern times generally called the Troad ; it was the north- western part of the land of Mysia. A city was