Unless we impugn the historical trustworthi- ness of the Fourth Gospel, that presentation of the idea of truth which is characteristic of NT begins with the teaching of ChriHt Himself. St. Paul, however, would seem to have acquired his
820
TRYPH/ENA
TUBAL-CAIN
view of it rather from the effect on his mmd of f^ith in Christ than directly from any of His sayin- And in the case of St. John too it was doul tle'.s the impression left upon him hy t e Ppr'on of the LorA which led him to perceive tlie ^:Z^^ power of t.>e wor<U on this su h^ which he has rei oided. iiie> ana I'V,' . . „„,i Vlievers felt that in the doctrine of ^^J^ ;« tliP character and counsel of Uod, maniiesLcu n the Person and the life, death, and resurrec- tion of Christ, they had been perm tted t« grasp
"''Xhe'term 'the truth,' as applied to Divine reve ation, has in later generations been someUni s vulgarized, and often employed v itb too little RPuSe of its ethical associations. On the otuer S the study of Nature and the study of
embrace facts of every order, alike those ■wnicn we known throufih sensible experience and that deeper reality in which even these must have their
^'"^riannot but be interesting to those whose
terms which we haveleen <=°",««^f."f « -hl^ ^^^^^^ in Herman die Treue has been kept to the mean • „f r.nnstancv and die Wahrhcit denotes agree- ment bet"tnsttement, or thought, and fact, and r, the Romance languages the distinction between M-i andTX is maintained in the words derived
from Iheni. _„ , j. , ,cni . it h
• HO TToflemftnn. Bibelntudttn, 1.1861, «• n-
Literature -H. O.Hoeiemami, ii,e„«
fwendt appear, ^ ^'>'\Vr^'''"i'^^"XlsO^^V<>^''"^ "«"
»^t, 'm Way. the Truth, and the W«^ ^ STANTON.
TRYPHffiNA (Tpi5*a.ra). — In ho 16'- St. Paul ,.hi^Js twf women,Yrypha>na and Trj-phosa, 'who £; inThe Lord.' T 1 e -mes oc.ir in^nscr.p- tions of the HousehoUl, C^YVl-nNA •' ET I M
^uVhe Acts of Paul and Thecla a consi.lerable part at this Jer^n'there is ^iLtorical authority. A com of
Pontus is kno^^'n having on the oWe«e BA^I AEnS
i\^x^^^'"^i:i^'CwnTXd!il:.a^^^^^^^^
Se'^eVW We\now^^^^^^^^^^
S^;rm\y ?:;: tloUed to^Lt class^of d^^^^^^^^ and honourable women '"^"t.oned m Ac 13 (see also Hogarth, Autliority and Archmolony, p. dJi)-
CA„rcAandtAeiioman£«.p.re.p.382.^ ^ HEADLAM. TRYPHON ,V,.0^-An omcer of^^^^^^^
put fo-vard Antiochus the son of Bal-^^;, ^j^ claimant to *»>« throne (1 Mac ^ ^^^
appeal to Demetrius (13f^). ^l>e alter tn as „ iiing an expedition against Try phonv hen he Inurself made P"'^" J/^ ^hf^ brother* of Demetrius.
n^-ii^ii^rXphon^^^^as^-^^^^ ",P «>
?^?tiie'r"arfMAC^AB;ES; and ^f^Sch^Orer. HJP .. i. 176, 246 ff.
TRYPHOSA.— See Tryph^NA.
?^f ''Tr^ ^rM¥l Ps 120») named along with
^:';^; r^i^riir^^V^^e^elt^a^t of the Themiodon in the mountainous d.stnct to^ tie S.E. of the Black Sea I'd.Uer A'e'/in^c^r. ... Assyr. inscript.ons_ (cf. Sclnad^r A . ^^ ^
Ge.oAiVW^/o«'^'^- l^^tf-W^^^'*,-^^-^.. Ed. Meyer. Del. Parad^^s, 2o0f. ^6^7, IJ^ .^^ is a sou of i. 245). In On 10 I ] -- 1 "j^ ' , ,, ^^^ jubal are
•^"^''•'^ek wi h ?rvK di'^^^^^^^ peoples; in Ezk associated \Mtn •'a^auj» r guHered
32- they appear as^J^^oiles « ho )i^^^^,^ Tyre severe rever.ses ; in i.ziv -•"■ . ^-P gga. 391 as in slaves and vessels of copper , •" ^^^^ ^^ ,. ^Voe among the chief '^"''^%« V.^^j.ech [LXX oU «-'
adloc). ,n„io J A. SELBIE.
See, further, next articla o. .ft. ':'
TUBIAS, TUBIENI
TYRAKXUS
821
mean 'the forger of every cutting instrument of copper and iron.' It is likely, however, that c^^ was origiiKiUy a marginal gloss to ath (Olshausen, Ball) or to I'S (Holzinger, Gunkcl), and tliat the words "N .T.T H!n (cf. vv.*'-^') have dropped out before "S;. The rendering would then be ' he was tlie father of all such as forge copper and iron.' The LXX {Q6,8e\' xai ijy a(j>vj>OKliwo%, xoXsfi'J X"-^""" <tai aiSiipov) sujjports the view of Wellh. {Comp." 305), which lias found general acceptance, that the name S;;b alone stood in the original text, tliis Tubal being the Aeruv cpotiymus of the Tibareniau metal-workers (cf. Ezk iSS'^ and the preceding art.), and that i:p, the generic name for 'smith, was afterwards added. The double name Tubal- cain would thus have its analogues in such com- binations as Jahweh - Elohim. Against Budde's reconstruction {Urgcsr/iir/,tc, 137f. )of the text, which makes Lamech instead of Tubal -cain the subject of Ji Pin, see Dillm. and Holzinger, ad loc. Cheyne (Encyclopedia Biblica, i. col. 626 f . ) suggests that Tubal is ' a pale form of the god of tiie solar fire, Gibil or Nusku,' and that in the earliest form of the Heb. legend he was the instructor of men in the art of getting fire.
J. A- Selbie. TUBIAS, TUBIENI.— See ToB.
TURPENTINE TREE.— Only Sir 24" AV (B
repifuyOo!, nA T(p{^i.f0o%) ' As the turpentine tree [RV ' terebinth '] I [sc. \Visdom] stretched out my branches.' The Syr. has msmn rhododaphne, i.e. the oleander, wliich appears to be an unfortunate guess of the translator, wlio did not under.stand the Heb. .iSn (?) ; so Kyssel in Kautzsch's Apokr. ad loc. See, further, art. Terebinth.
TURTLE, TURTLE DOVE (I'm tdr, rpvy^y, turtur). — The Latin m.uhu of this bird is a re- duplication of the Hub., and both refer to its well- known note. There are three species in Palestine and Sj-ria, Turtur auritus, L., the true turtle dove, T. risoriu3, L., tlie collared turtle dove, and T. Senegalensis, L., the Egyptian turtle dove. The collared species is the largest, reaching 13 in. in length, and is found principally about the Dead Sea and in the Jordan Valley. It is an Indian species. It derives its name from a narrow black collar at the bark of the neck. The palm or Egyptian turtle dove is smaller, being about 10 in. long. It is more widely distributed than tlie last species, but not as much so as the following. It al.so has a black collar. It nests by preference in palm trees, whence one of its names. The common turtle dove is not only general in distribution, but very abundant. It is about 12 in. long, and has 3 oblifpie coloured bands at the side of the neck. The Scripture references in the older books are to the bird as a substitute for the pigeon in sacrifice ((in 15», Lv 5' etc., Nu 6'» ; < f . Lk 2-«). The