(2) This text in its various forms differs only by adding a word or words after the reading of XAB, etc.J The common reading adds T<j/is after
* This is the MSS reading. Many editors follow the scholiast, who evidently had maculo^as.
t The orij^in of the name would of course be obscure to us, on this view : it would be in keeping with Greek city life if Tyrannus was the donor, who built the schota and presented it to the city.
J Glass in his edition of the Western (Roman) Te.vt, Leipzig 1896, prefers the reading to jutt/ r,fjt.ipeti, following D : liis reason is perhaps that this is characteristically Attic. He also strangely denies that the Western reading" contained rivo; (though he accepted this in his earlier editionX in spite of the •trong amtemut o( Western authorities for it.
'Vvpivvov: an exclusively and characteristically Western reading adds also awb iipas winvTris las Ofi;dri)s. ' The school of a certain 'ryianinis' must be a private, not a public, building or place ; Tyrannus was either a teacher who ordinarily used it, or the private owner who granted the use of it whether for hire or free. In the latter case the situation would be similar to that iu the passage just quoted from Juvenal, according to the reading of the scholiast and many editors: the patron grants to his literary friend the use of a poor old house belonging to himself. A certain individual named Tyrannus raiglit on this inter- pretation have permitted St. Paul to use or to hire a sckola which belonged to liiin : ni-is explains and apologizes for the mention of an unknown person. There can be no doubt that goodwill to St. Paul must have been entertained by the person who allowed him the use of this school. Even if he hired it, we may be sure tliat no actively hostile owner would have let it to him.
But the Bezan addition ' from the fifth to the tenth hour' strongly favours the interpretation that Tyrannus was a teacher or philosopher, who also used the schola. It was then obviously neces- sary to make some arrangement as to hours : Tyrannus continued to use the schola during the early hours of the day, while St. Paul used it from one hour before noon till two hours before sunset. This partition of the day is an interesting point, and true to ancient life. The customary time for teaching in Graeco-Roman life began very early, probably soon after sunrise. Juvenal in his usual exaggerating way describes the teacher as already in school at work before sunrise by artificial light (vii. 222) ; * and it is estalilished Vjy many passages that the fifth hour was the usual time for stopping all work and business (Martial, iv. 8. 3, prandium being eaten between the fifth hour and noon). Thus the school would be vacated by Tyrannus at the fifth hour, and was then at the disposal of St. Paul till the tenth.
The full Western text establishes the meaning of an otherwise very obscure passage, and gives a natural and satisfactory sense. The shortest text implies a sense that is either un - Lukan or im- proliable. There seems no reason why the Western addition should be made, whUe there was con- siderable temptation to allow the words of the Western text to drop out, as they seemed quite unimportant to 3rd cent, students. These con- siderations make it probable that the full Western reading is the true Lukan text, and that part of the true text was lost from many authorities. We cannot think that both the long and the short read- ings are original Lukan (as Blass and others hold).
The possibility that Tyrannus may have been a Jew has been favourably regarded by some scholars. But tins seeuis dis- tinctly improljable. If Tyrainius was an unconverted Jew, he would have almost certainly been unfavourable, if not actively' hostile, to Paul ; and he would have been most unlikely to facilitate the apostle's work, especially as by doing so he would have incurred the strong dislike of his own people. The sequence of thought in tiie verse, ' he separated the disciplea {i.e. from the Jews), speaking daily in the school of Tyrannus,* seems hardly reconcilable with the view that Tyrannus was a .lew. Moreover, the way in which 'a certain Tyrannus' ifl mentioned would hardly suggest that ho was a convert. But it is an error on the part of sonje writers to urge the Greek name as any argument against the theory that Tyrannus was a Jew. The Jews of the great cities of Asia Minor had become *ery strongly Grecized, and Greek names were in ordinary -ise among them.
Further, Knowling points out that the daily meetings in the schola imply that St. Paul made his adherents sepanite even from the synagogue services of the Sabbath. It seems im- possible that a Jew could have aided in such a purpose.
The name is given in D as Tvpawlou Tivds : this is certainly a mere corruption. The name Tyrannus is common in inscriptions, and several per ons of * So also Martial, ix. 03.
the name are mtntioneJ in literary anthorities ; but Tyrannius is unknown. The form T^vpivvioi' is a woman's name (neuter diminutive), like Ivpawlt (falsely acoented, CIG 3730). W. M. Ramsav.