• See Ilagen, Spr. Erorterunaen zur V\Ug. p. 6 ; Kaulen, pp. 137, also his llaudbuch zur Vuuj. p. 6.
t Biblia Sacra Latina vet. Tentam^nti llieronymo interprets . . . ed. Heyse et Tischendorf. Lipsite, 1373.
t Varia icctimies vnlgatce lat. Bibl. editUtnis^ torn. Wk Rom», 1800-1S04. 5
§ 'The Value of the Vulg. Old Te.«t. for Textual Critfcism," in Fret, and lief. Hcc, April 1S9I, p. m t.
II All that can be said on this question seems to be collected in van Ess, p. 24 f.; Kaulen, p. 17 f.; and Westcott, p. 1089.
^ See the passages in \an Ess, Kaulen, and Westcott; especially Jerome, Vomm. in Isa. Ixv. 20. 'Hoc juxta LXX inlerpretes diximus, quorum editio toto orbe vulgata est ' ; and, in any Vulgate Bible, the notes after Est 103 ni i25 ;4l9 ; also Augustine, De Civ. Dei, 1. xvi. c. 10, * Fiunt anni a diluvio usque ad Abraham mlxxii. secundum vulgatam editionem ho« est interpretum Septuaginta.*
*' See the quotations from Crigen and Basil in van Ess, p 26
VULGATE
VULGATE
8S5
be any instance in the age of Jerome of the application of the term to the Latin version without regard to it8 derivation from tlie Greek.*
From being applied to the current version of the LXX, vidgata ediiio would be opposed to tlie emended text of Origin's Hexapla,\ and so the term acquires the meaning of a corrupt as ojjposed to an emended text ; and in this sense Jerome uses the term interchangeably with vcttts, antiqua editio,X the very term with which it is now so sharply contrasted.
\\'lien Jerome is referring to Latin versions of the Scriptures, he rather uses the terms in latino, iatinus interpres, apud latinos ; and, when speak- ing of his own, nos, nostra interprctntio. As his translation gradually superseded the earlier ver- sions made from the LXX, it was inevitable that the expression which had been applieil to them would ultimately pass over to him ; but the pro- cess was a slow one. The instances given in van Ess, and more fully in Hody,§ show that even down to the Middle Ages vulgata editio was at any rate occasionally used to designate the LXX ; while the usual terms by which Jerome's translation was known were translatio emendatior [rercn.t, nova, posterior, Hcbraica], translatio quam tenet {nuam recipit], Itomana Ecclesia, etc., and most or all, from Bede's time onward, editio nostra, codices nostri. Roger Bacon || seems to he the first scholar who uses the term Vulgata in its modem sense, though he also applies it frequently to the Septuagint.
V. Main Differences between the Latin AND the Enollsh Bible.— It may be asked, in what way does the Vulgate Bible differ from our own Autliorized Version ? Putting aside varia- tions of rendering and reading, the diflerences are in the number of books or portions of books received into the Canon, the order of books, and the numbering and division of the chapters. These diti'erences are entirely in the OT ; in the NT the order of books is the same (though the Council of Trent ^ in its list of books places the Ep. of James after those of .John), and the ' Ep. to the Laodiceans,'** though found in many Vulgate MSS, is absent from the best, and from tlie official printed text. Many MSS indeed vary in the order of the books, and the Cath. Epp. often immedi- ately succeed the Acts ; but this order has not been adopted in the Clementine text.
The books in the OT are : Genesis, Exodns, Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomium, Josuae, Judi- cum, Ruth,Quatuor Kegum.Duo Paralipomenon ! i. c.
* Jerome, for instance, in quoting the text of the LX.X, ocCMionally tranalatea ita reading into Latin instead of wrilin;? It down in the Greel(, and here too speakB of it a-s editio ru'-
fata ; hut it is the Qreel£ reading, not the Latin translation of I, which he is referring to : Bee especially Comm. in Matt. xiii. S."), ' I^gl in nonnullis codicibus . . . m eo loco ubi nos posuimus et vulgata habet editio ut impleretur miod dictum eit per praphetam dicentem, ibi scriptum, per Ittaiam prophetnm dicentem ; and Comm. in Gal. v. 24, * kt hoc ita ^monitunl sit, si vulgatam editioncm st-quimur legentes : Qui autcm trunt Chriiti eamem crucifixerttnt cum vitiiJi et concupiscent ii»,' but ■e« the whole passage. Van Kss (p. 41) seems to be quite right in maintaining that even here Jerome means the Greek by the editio vuigata. t Jerome, Ep. crl t.
t Comm. in Otee ilil. 4, 'Qna ... In antlqns qaoqne editione LXX non leguntur'; Ep. xlix. (ad Pammaen.) 'Vet«rt'ra editionem (libri Job) nostn» translation! comparu' ; Comm. in J$a. prirj, ad cap. Uv.; pro/, in Jotue, etc.
I P. 402 t.
II See Uody, pp. 420, 420, * Texto* eat pro majorl parte cor- ruptus horribihter in exemplari vulgato, hoc est Parititnn : by thb he seems to mean the type of text which waa produced and sold in Paris ; elsewhere (p. 425) he uses rulgata of the L.XX, or its Latin representative, as opposed to Jerome's trans- lation, 'Quare cum translatio leronyml evacuavit trauHla- tionem vulgatam LXX et similiter Theodolionis, ut certuui est omnibus, oportct quod Uiblia qua utimur sit tianslatlo ler- onj-mi,' etc