890
VULTUEE
WALLS
and its Birthplace,' in Sttidia Biblica et Ecclesiastica, vol. ii., Oxford, IS'JO ; W. A. Copinger, Incunabida liiUica, or the first half-century of the Latin Bible, London, IMiii ; E. Nestle, Ein Julnluum der Lateinischen Bibel, Tuliingeu, 1892; H. J. AVhite, 'The Latin Versions,' in Ncrivener- Miller, Introduction to the Criticimn of the NT*, 1S94, vol. ii. pp. 56 90 ; E. von Dobschiitz, Stttdieii zur TeztkritiJc der Vvi-j., Leipzig, 1894; C. R. Gregory: Prolegomena to Tisfiliendorf s ^'oru7/i Te slant entum G rwce, etc., etl it iooctava eritica maior, vol. iii.. Lips. 1894, pp. 971-1108; F. G, Ken.von, Handb. to Text. Crit. of liT, 1901, pp. 184- 203 ; E. Nestle, Lateininche Bibeliibersetzuji'ten (revision of Fritzache) in PRE'^, Bd. iii., also publislied separ- ately in Urtext u. Uebersetzungen der Bibel, Leipzig, 1S97 ; P. Con>.sen, ' Bericht tiber die Iat*;in. liilieltibersetzungen ' (' Sonderabdnick,' from the Jahreshericht iiher die. Fort- schritte der classischen AUertuuiswisacnschdft, 1899); P. Tbielmann, ' Bericht d. d. gLsanimelte bandst^hr. Material zu einer kr. Ausgabe,' etc. (from the Munich SUzungs- berichten, 1899).
C. For the grammar, Latinity, etc., of the Vulgate :^-J. A. Hagen, Sprachliche Erurteniixjen zur Vulg., Freiburg in Br. 1SC3; F. Kaulen, Ilandbuch zur Vxilg.y Mainz, 1^70; P. Hake, Sprachdche Erhiuterangen zu dem Igt. Psabnen- texte, Arnsberg, ls72 ; W. Nowack, Die Be'deutung dcs Hieron. filr die aittest. Kritik, Gottingen, 1876 ; H. Roensch, Itala u. ViUg., Marburg, 1S76 ; H. Goelzer, Latinity de Saint JirOme, Paris, 1S84 ; ii. P. Smith, 'The Value of the Vulg. OT for Textual Criticism' {Presbyterian and Bcfomied Mev., April 1891); A. Hartl, Sprachliche Eiijenthiimliehkeiten der Vulg., Ried, 1894.
D. Critical Editions:— C. Vercellone, Biblia Sacra ViUgatce Editumit Sixti Y, et Clemcntit VIII, Fontt. Momc. jusni
recognita atque edita. Roin^e, Typis S. Congregationig d4 propaganda fide, 1801. This is the best reprint of th« Clementine \ulgate Bible, and Vercellone's preface should be carefully read; C. Tischendorf, A'oy. Test. Latine ; textum Ilieronymi . . . restituit C. T., Lipsi», 1864 ; P. M. Ht'tzenauer, iVoy. Test, Vulgatm Editionis: ex Vaticani* editionibtis eantmque correctono critiec edidit P. M. H.^ Oeniponte, 1899 ; Corssen, Epistula ad lialatag, Berlin, iSbf* ; Bp. J. Wordsworth, ^orntm Tegtamentum . . . Latine sec. edit. S. Ilieronymi . . . receiuuit J. Wordsworth* S.T.P., in operis societatem adsuinto Ii. J. White^ Oxon , 1889-1898. (The four Gospels are published ; the rest ol the NT is in preparation). H. J. WHITE.
YULTURE. — nx-n ddWi and r\»^ dayyah are tr, AV * vulture ' (Lv \V\ Dt H^Ms Sii^)', KV *kite'; n;N 'ayyah is tr. AV * vulture' {Job 2S^), RV * falcon.' crfj or r<im rdhCiia or rdhdmdh is tr. RV ^vulture' (Lv ip«, Dt 14"), AV^ffier eagle.* Of these four, only the last refers to the vulture. It is doubtless Neophron percnojyteruSj Sav., Pharaoh's Hen, which is still called rakham in Arabic. On the other hand, is*: ncs]iert which ia always rendered ' eagle,' undoubtedly includes a number of the vultures, esp. the lammerj2;eier and the grill'on. For the habits of the vulture and for Scripture allusions to them, see Eagle, GlEB Eagle, Ospray, and Ossifrage. G. £. Post.
W
WAFER — See art. BREAD, vol. L p. 318.
WAGES.— See Servant. WAGGON.— See Cart.
WAIT (from the same root as 'wake' and 'watch') is used in AV both as subst. and verb. 1. As subst. the meaning is a watch, plot, esp. an ambush. The phrases are (a) Lie in wait, as Dt 19" ' But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him and smite him mor- tally that he die ' ; Jos 8^ ' Behold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, even behind the city.' So ' tiers in wait,' as Jg 9" 'And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the moun- tains.' (b) Lay wait, HS Jg 16'-' ' They compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city ' ; Jer 9* ' One speaketli peaceably to his neighbour witli his mouth, but in heart he layeth jiis wait ' (KV as AVm ' layeth wait for him '). (c) Laying of wait, as Nu 35'^ ' But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at liim by laying of wait.' Udall has ' lay a wait' {Erastmis' Paraph. i. 87), 'And in the meane tyme he touched secrete- lye the conscience of certayne I'hariseis, whiclie layed deadly a wayte for Jesus.' And Fuller lias 'lay at wait' {Hulij State, 31G), 'An adversary who lay at wait for all advantages.'
2. As verb we find 'wait' in the phrases 'wait for' and ' wait on ' or ' upon.' (1) ' \\ ait for ' has three meanings : {a) Watch for, equivalent to ' lay wait for,' Job IS^ ' He is waited for of the sword ' (v^ji ^ITv** ***'"> ; LXX i2n-^Ta\Tai [A ^VT^raKTat] yd.p fi6-q th xf'pat ciSripov ; Vulg. ' circumspectans undinue gladium'; Cov. 'the swearde is alnvaye before his eyes ' ; Kautzsch, ' fur das Schwert ist er auser- sehen ') ; Ps 56" ' They mark my steps, when they wait for my soul' (vcj iip ^}'S3) ; cf. Ps "l" ' And they that fay wait for my soiil ' (vrj noe'i). (6) Expect, the modern use. Lie 12* ' Like linto men that wait for their lord, when he will re- turn from the wedding ' (?rpo(roexoM^''0'S Tdv Kvpiov