('pure') in the OT (Ezr 2', Neh 7''').— 1. The pub- lican. All that we know of him from the Bible ia to be found in Lk 19'"'". He was a Jew,* and a chief official amongst the publicans in and about Jericho, where a considerable amount of revenue was raised from the palm-groves and balsam (Joseph. Ant. XV. iv. 2). Zaccha-us had therefore great opportunities for growing rich. He was a man of short stature. Anxious to see Jesus, he climbed up into a sjcomore tree t to be above the tlirong that surrounded our Lord. On coming to the place, Jesus called to him to come down, and invited Himself to his house. This delighted Zacchjeus, though the bystanders murmured at the choice of lodging which our Lord had made. He declared his anxiety to be liberal to the poor, and to make fourfold restitution to any whom lie had wronged. His wish to tlo right won from Christ the declaration : ' To-day is salvation come to this house, forasmuch as he also is a son of Abraham. For the Son of man came to seek and to save that which was lost.' In the Clementine Iloniilies {n'l. 63), Zaccha'us, after being companion of St. Peter, is made by him bishop of Cies.area. By ' Pra-desti- natus ' he is said to have combated the errors of Valentinus and Ptoleniieus (a disciple of Valen- tinus),t though this is chronologically impossible. There is no early authority for making Zacch^us a bishop at all. A Zacchieus is mentioned bj' the Talmud as living at Jericlio, the father of the celebrated Rabbi Jochanan ben-Zachai. 3. An officer of Judas Maccaba^us, 2 Mac 10".
H. A. Redpath.
ZACCUR (T3!).— 1. A Reulenite, Nu 13^(») (B ZaKxvp, A Zaxpov, Luc. Zayxovp). 2. A Simeonite, 1 Ch 4^ (B om., A ZaKxoijp, Luc. Zaxoi'P). 3. A Merarite, 1 Ch 24-'' {ZaKxovp). 4. An Asaphite, 1 Ch 25= (B ^aKxoi's, A ZaKxovp) '» (B Zaxxo^S, A ZaKxovp), Neh 12^^ (ZaKxovp). S. One of those who assisted Nehemiah to rebuild the wall, Neh 3' (B Za^aovp, A and Luc. ZaKxovp). 6. One of those who sealed the covenant, NeU 10'* (B Zaxuip, A ZaKxiip, Luc. ZaKxoi'p), prob. same as mentioned in 13's (BA ZaKxoup, Luc. ZaKxoip). 7. Ezr 8" J^gri. See Zabbud.
ZACHARIAH (Zaxapias, whence AV Zacharia.i). — In His denunciation of the Pharisees and the guilty nation of the Jews, our Lord declares that the innocent blood of the prophets is to be required of them, 'from the blood of Abel the righteous unto the blood of Zachariah the son of Barachiah, whom ve slew between the sanctuary and the altar' (^It 23'', cf. the || Lk IP'). Tlie reference is almost cert.ainlv to the murder of Zecliariah (see Zechariah, No. il) recorded in 2 Ch 24-""---. This is far more likely than the view held by some, that the Zachariah intended is the fatlier of John the Baptist (see Zacharias), who, according to Origen {Com. in Matt.), was killed in the temple. The reason why Jesus fixes upon a murder in the time of king Joash (c. 840-800 B.C.) is probably because the Books of Clironicles already in our Lord's day came last in the Canon of the OT. ' It was equi- valent to an appeal, in Christian ears, to the whole range of the Bible from Genesis to Revelation' (Ryle, C'««o» <)/■</«« or, p. 141).
Some ditticuity is occasioned by the designation ' son of Baracliiah.' The Zechariah of 2 Chron. was the son of the high priest Jehoiada. The only 'Zechariah the eon of Berechiah' known to us is the prophet who was contemporary with
* Tertiillian (adv. Marc. iv. 37. 1) saj'B that he was a Oentile. This is contradicted by the 'son of Abraham' of Lk 19^.
t Not tile tree conunonly called sycomore, but one with flg^ like fruits and leaves Hke those of the mulbcrrj- tree.
! See Harnack, QetcliichU der altchristlichen LUleralvr, i cL I p. 791.
ZACHARIAS
ZADOK
961
HafTgai (cf. Zee 1'). There may he a ((infusion with him on the part of the evangelist Matthew [Luke omits the designation 'eon of Barachiah'] or of a glossator.*
ZACHARIAS (Zaxop(os).— 1. 1 Es l« = Zeclmriah, one of ' the rulers of the house of God ' in Josiah's reign, 2 Ch 35''. 2. In 1 Es 1"> (LXX ") Zeeh. stands in place of lleman, the singer of David's time, in the iiarallel passage 2 Ch 35". 3. I Es G' 7^ the prophet Zeohariah. 4. 1 Es 8*" = Zeehariah of the sons of Parosh, Ezr 8'. 5. 1 Es 8" (B Zaxapmi) = Zechariah of the sons of Bebai, Ezr 8". 6. 1 Es 8** (LXX ") = Zeehariah, one of the 'prineipal men and men of understanding' willi whom Ezra con- sulted, Ezr 8"*. 7. 1 Es 9-'' = Zecliariah of the sons of Elam, Ezr 10-'«. 8. 1 Es 9" = Zeehariah, one of those who stood upon Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law. .Neh 8*. 9. 1 .Mac S''- »« Fatlier of Joseph, a leader in the MaccaUT?an war under .Judas MaccaK-eus. 10. Lk P etc. Father of John the Baptist. See following article.
ZACHARIAS (Zoxapias).— Father of John the Baptist (Lk 1° etc. 3-). He was a priest of the course of Ar.lJAll, one of the twentj--four coupes into which from tlie time of the Chronicler at least (1 Ch 24'-'») the families of the (iriests that had returned from Babylon were divided (see Schiirer, ffJP II. i. 216, 219). The course of Abijah was the eighth of these courses, and had now been brought up for its week's service in the temple. The lot for that particular day's service (see Eders- heim. The Temple, p. 129 fi.) had fallen to the house of Zacharias, and to Zaeharias himself the duty of olVering incense in the Holy Place. While performing this service he had a vision, and the Angel of the Lord announced that his aged wife should have a son, who should be called John, and be the forerunner of the Messiah. Asking a sign he was struck dumb, and recovered speech (inly after having the child niimed John at liis circum- cision. The Song of Praise which is put in liis mouth, the JIiiwiIicIhh (Lk l"'-''), celebrates in prophetic strains the glorious fulfilment ot Israel's Messianic hope. With the song he drops com- pletely out of the pages of canonical Scripture.