962
ZAHAM
ZANOAH
means of deciding positively wliether he is to be identified witli the bearer of the same name in a later passage of the book. But there is no con- clusive reason against the identification. Zadok 'the scribe' is appointed by Nehemiah to be one of the 'treasurers over the treasuries' (Neh 13"). He would seem to have been a priest. Shelemiah the priest and himself are distinguished from the Levites. Ezra's example shows tliat the priest may also be the scribe. In this case Zadok must have been the head of ' the chUdron of Immer.' — 5. Zadok is distinguished from the priests as one of 'the chiefs of the people' who sealed the cove- nant (Neh 10=')-— 6. 1 Ch G'-, compared with Ezr "'■' and Neh 11", appears to refer to a liijjli priest of the name of Zadok later than tlie founder of the line. But it is impossible to rely on these lists, and, in any event, nothing is known of the man.
Mt l^* mentions a Sadoo (^ahux) as one of the progenitors of Joseph, the husband of Mary. Jij^ephus {Ant. xviii. i. 1) states that one Zadok, a Pharisee, assisted Jndas of GaHlee (Ac5-*~) in rousing the people a^^ainst the 'enrolment' under QuiriniiiB (Lk 21). Jost {Gcgch. den Judeiithums, ii. 20) refers to a Zadok who is mentioned in the Talmud as ha\'in<: fasted fort.v .years, until the destruction of Jerusalem. He pro]ioniids a theologi- cal puzzle first to Rabbi Joshua and next to Rabban Gamaliel, who give him discordant answers. Thereupon Joshua is pub- licly rebuked and put to shame by Gamaliel {Bech, 36a).
J. Taylor. ZAHAM (CC!).— A son of Rehoboam, 2 Ch 11" (B'PooXXd/n, A ZaXd/i, Luc. Zadfi).
ZAIN (T).— The seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and as such employed in the 119th Psalm to designate the 7th part, each verse of which be- gins with this letter. It is transliterated in this Dictionary by «.
_ ZAIR (Tyy).— According to the MT of 2 K 8=', Joram, in the course of his campaign against Edom, ' passed over to Zair ' (B e/s Zeitip, A om.). In the parall. passage 2 Ch 21' the Heb. is ' passed over with his princes ' {r-it^c^ ; LXX /iera. tup apxif- Tuf), which may be confidently pronounced to be a corruption of the text in Kings. The latter itself is unfortunately not certain. No place of the name of Za'ir being mentioned elsewhere, it has been conjectured that Zu'ar (Ewald, el al.) or Se'ir (cf. Vulg. Seira) should be read. 'The latter, however, is somewhat vague, and against the claims of Zdar may be urged the LXX -etup, whereas that name is elsewhere reproduced by Z-qyiip (cf. Buhl, Edom. 65, who also objects to Conder's suggested identifica- tion of Za'ir with ez-Zuwera S.E. of the Dead Sea).
ZALAPH ('■^t; B -ZtU, A and Luc. 2eX^0).— The father of Hanun, who assisted in repairing the wall, Neh 3^" [the text is a little suspicious, 'the sixth son' being a somewhat peculiar note, which, however, is supported by the VSS].
ZALMON (pc4; "ZcXfiiJiv ; Salmon).— i. The place mentioned in Ps 68" is considered by some com- mentators to be the same as Mount Zalmon (.Ig 9'''') — the hill, near Shechem, on which Abinie- lech and his jieople cut down boughs to set ' the hold ' of the house of El-berith on lire. There is, however, nothing in Ps 68 to lend to the belief that the Psalmist intended to refer to an undcr- feature of Mount Gerizira, which is mentioned in the OT only in connexion with an incident th.at had no influence on the history of the Israelites. The central idea of the psalm is the selection of Zion as the abode of God, in preference to Sinai ■whence the Law was given, and to ' the mountain of Bashan' which had looked down upon the memor- able overthrow of Og anil his army. The earlier verses contain a retrospective glance at the journey of the Israelites from Sinai onwards, through the desert, under the immediate leading and K^idauce
of God, and their triumphant occupation of Canaan after vanquishing all their enemies. In this vic- torious progress, one of the most striking incidents was the complete overthrow of Og, near Edrei, on the plains of Bashan, — a victory which long lingered in the national memory (Ps 135" 136-"), — and Zalmon should probably be looked for in that region. Some suppose that Zalmon means 'darkness,' and connect it with the ' darkly ' wooded hill near Shechem, but this meaning would be equally applicable to the basalts and volcanic hills of Bashan. Zalmon may have been a jiortion of Bashan, or one of tiie summits of Jebel Jfaiiran,oi Mount Hermon. (In Jg 9'"* the LXX reads 5pos "Ep/iwt/ for Mount Zalmon). The allusion to the snow is supposed by some to refer to ground white with the bones of Canaanites slain in battle ; but this is rather straining the meaning. Possibly the words refer to an actui fall of snow in Zalmon during the battle with Og.
2. One of David's heroes, 2 S 2328. See Ilai.
C. W. Wilson.
ZALMONAH (nji^s, SeX/uoi/d).— The station in the journeyings of the children of Israel, following Mt. Hor, in the itinerary of Nu 33, and men- tioned there only in vv.'''- *'. Nothing is known as to its position. It must have been in the neigh- bourhood of Punon, the station following ; and, if the identification in art. PuNON be accepted, itg site Avould be approximately determined.