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Dictionary of the Bible
LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND CONTENTS
INCLUDING THE BIBLICAL THEOLOGY
EDITED BY
JAMES HASTINGS, M.A, D.D. / ‘Sak “Foe
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
JOHN A. SELBIE, M.A., D.D.
EXTRA VOLUME CONTAINING ARTICLES, INDEXES, AND MAPS
BpinsurcHe T-& Tl. CLARK, 38 Grorce Street ~ New York: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 153-157 FIFTH AVENUE
1904
hes | ogy [_ibrary
SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AT. CLAREMONT California E
Printed by Morrison & GIBB LIMITED FOR T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND co. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
LONDON: LIMITED
University ot Southern California
[The Rights of Translation and of Reproduction are Reserved.) iv
fl Ly 2 fv a (VN ay
PREFACE
Tuis Extra VotumeE of the Dictionary or THE BIBLE contains thirty-seven Articles, six Indexes, and four Maps. A word will be sufficient on each of these parts of its Contents.
I. THe ARTICLES
Those who have kept in touch with the study of the Bible in recent years will understand why it has been found necessary to prepare an Extra Volume. Dis- coveries have been made which have an important bearing on the interpretation of both the Old Testament and the New. It is enough to name the three articles which stand first in the alphabetical list given below—-AGRAPHA, APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS, and CoDE or Hammurapl. A Dictionary of the Bible cannot ignore such discoveries. But they do not form part of the Contents of the Bible; nor do they deal directly with its Language or its Literature; so that they are not likely to be looked for in the alphabetical order of words in the Dictionary. The best way seemed to be to gather them into an Extra Volume.
Other articles will be found in this volume, for reasons which will be readily understood and appreciated. Some of them, like the article on the Sermon on the Mount, with which the volume opens, might have taken their place in the alpha- betical order of the Dictionary. But they have not usually been so included, and it was felt that the Extra, Volume would give more prominence to their special
character and importance.
IL Tue INDEXxEs
The Indexes have been prepared with great care. They are full, and yet it will be found that every item in them has been carefully selected and described. The InDEXx oF TEXTS contains all the passages of Scripture upon which there is
any note of consequence in the Dictionary ; and, again, the most important notes are Vv
vi PREFACE.
—
distinguished by their authors’ names. Further, it sometimes happens that a text
is quoted in support or illustration of some argument: when such a quotation throws significant light upon the text itself, it is included in the Index.
The INDEX oF SUBJECTS contains the titles of all the articles in the Dictionary, including the Extra Volume. It also refers to a great many other topics which are dealt with in the course of the work. When the subject of an article comes up for treatment in other places, and a reference is made to these places, then the first reference in the Index is always to the article itself. Thus—ITHAMAR, il. 519°; toe ii, 123°; iv. 89>—the second volume is mentioned before the first because in it falls the article under its own title; there is also some account of Ithamar in the article on Abiathar in vol. i. p. 6°, as well as in the other places noted. When the article is of some length the name of the author is given. His name is not repeated under the same heading, so that references without a name attached are to be ascribed to the first author mentioned.
The cross-references in the Index of Subjects are always to other parts of the Index itself. Words which occur only in the Apocrypha are marked ‘Ap.’ or ‘Apoc.’: as Dabria (Ap.).
Ill. THe Mars
The maps are intended to illustrate the articles on RoaDs AND TRAVEL. These articles will be of great service to the student of either Testament, and the maps will add to the value of the articles. But they have been prepared so as to be complete maps of the countries they cover, the Roads which are marked on them being additional to the information which such maps usually contain. They have been prepared under the direct supervision of Professor Buhl (for the Old Testament) and Professor Ramsay (for the New), who have spared no pains to make them accurate and up to date.
And now the work on this Dictionary of the Bible is at an end. The Editor has been assisted by the same friends as before and with the same readiness, and he heartily thanks them all. He is also grateful for the way in which the four volumes already published have been received.
7
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AUTHORS OF ARTICLES IN THE EXTRA VOLUME