5. The Biblical writers are by no means indiffer- ent to ewphony in their style. ~
(a) The very first words of the OT furnish evidence of this, the Heb. words béréshith bara (‘In the beginning created’) being an instance of the first means of securing euphony, namely Al- literation. Other instances of it are found in Néah yénahiment ‘Noah shall comfort us’ (Gn 5”); shemen shémekha ‘ointment thy name’ (Ca 1°) ; ‘aphar wa-épher ‘dust and ashes’ (Gn 182, Job 30" 425); yishshom wé-sharak ‘shall be as- tonished and shall hiss’ (1 K 98, Jer 198 4917 50%) ; simha wé-sdsén ‘joy and gladness’ (Est 81°t-) ; hdd wé-hadar ‘honour and majesty’ (Job 40, Ps 215 96° || 1 Ch 16”, Ps 104! 111°); shamir wa-shayith ‘briers and thorns’ (Is 5® 77325 gl8 1017 974); sasén wé-simha ‘gladness and joy’ (Is 22% 35” 51"); shéd wa - sheber ‘desolation and destruc- tion’ (Is 51% 597 60'*) ; shommw shamayim ‘Be astonished, O heavens’ (Jer 2”); hézim kaztré ‘shall reap thorns’ (12!°) ; sar(r)éhem sérérim ‘ their princes are revolters’ (Hos 91°), etc. etc.; opepor cowrnp ‘this day a Saviour’ (Lk 2"),
(6) In other passages we meet with expressions like toha wa-boht ‘waste and void’ (Gn 12, Jer 4”), These words exhibit what is called Assonance, a phenomenon which recurs in sdrér w-mdre ‘stubborn and rebellious’ (Dt 21" ete.) ; *dyéb wé -’6réb ‘the enemy and the lier in wait’ (Ezr 8) ; nésziy || késviy ‘forgiven’ || ‘covered’ (Ps 32!); zadén || kalén ‘pride’ || ‘shame’ (Pr 117); Ady géy ‘Ab nation’ (Is 14) ; ké || yophé * burning’ || ‘ beauty’ (3%) ; héy hédé ‘Ah his glory’ (Jer 2218); cxivos ‘mastic’ and mpivos ‘holm’ (Sus 4°) ; xryvav ‘beasts’ and arnvav ‘birds’ (1 Co 15%). In a good many in- stances Alliteration and Assonance are combined : nd@ wa-ndd ‘a, fugitive and avagabond’ (Gn 4 14); Kayin ‘Cain’ and kanithi ‘I have gotten’ (Gn 4?) ; Kxéni ‘Kenites’ and én ‘nest’ (Nu 24") ; ‘ Achan’ and ‘Achor’ (Jos 74); the frequently recurring ‘Cherethites and Pelethites’ (2S 8 1518 207, 1K 1°8: 44 1 Ch 18") ; atta ‘atta ‘thou, now’ (1 K 21%); ‘aniyya (‘poor’) ‘Andathdth (Is 10%) ; «J ezreel ° and ‘Israel’ (Hos 14), ete. ; mopvela ‘ fornication ° and movnpia ‘wickedness’ (Ro 1"); @#évov ‘envy’ and pévov ‘murder’ (id.), etc.; ef. Stilistik, pp. 287-295.
(c) The superlative degree of this harmony of elements in style is observable in such collocations as the following: wayyakkirém wayyithnakkéer ‘and he knew them, and made himself strange’ (Gn 42%»); wa -hdshimmotht .. . wé - shamemi .. and they
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shall be astonished’ (Lv 26%); sho’a@ w-mésho’a ‘desolate and waste’ (Job 30° 382, Zeph 1, Sir 51") 3 tm 16 twdmind ki lo te’ amend “it ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established’ (Is 7°) ; mdsdd mus(s\ad ‘of founded foundation ’ (28'°). Many other instances might be cited of this species of Euphony, which is usually called Paronomasia or Annominatio. The number is particularly increased by the very frequent ex- planations of Proper Names, which form a note- worthy feature in the style of the Hebrew historical books. In Genesis we have the following combina- tions: “dddmd ‘tillable land’ and ’adam ‘man (Adam)’ (Gn 2"); %shsha@ ‘woman’ and “ésh ‘man?’ (v.); shéth ‘Seth’ and shdth ‘hath appointed’ (4°); yapht ‘shall enlarge’ and Ydpheth ‘Ja- pheth’ (9°), ete.; cf. Stilistik, p. 296. Elsewhere in the OT we have the following examples of Paronomasia: Mdshe ‘Moses’ and méashitht ‘I drew’ (Ex 2”); Léwt ‘Levi’ and yillawi ‘they may be joined’ (Nu 182); Mara and hémar ‘hath dealt bitterly’ (Ru 12°) ;’Hdom and ’adém ‘red’ (Is 63!) ; Jerusalem and shélémim ‘ wholly’ (Jer 13); Solomon and shalém ‘peace’ (1 Ch 22); Iérpos and mérpa (Mt 1618), etc.; cf. Stilistik, pp. 295-298.
(zd) Euphony is aimed at also by making the same words recur at certain intervals. The various nuances that thus arise may be illustrated from the following groups of examples: (a) bardkh ‘blessed’ occurs at the beginning of a number of sentences in Dt 28*°. This usage is called Ana- phora, and we note it also, for instance, in the ‘arty ‘cursed’ with which vy.!*! commence; cf. also ‘I will sing . . . I will sing’ (Jg 5%); ‘Many ... many’ (Ps 31: 94); ‘Lift up your heads, O ye gates... lift them up’ (24>); ‘and it was full
. and it was full’ (Is 27>. 8); ‘Woe... woe,’ GbGr (Gets 20-22) Candela willcutsontee sand | will cut off,’ etc. (Mic 51*- 1 18a); « All things are lawful for me, but, etc. . . . all things are lawful for me, but,’ ete. (1 Co 6"); ‘Have we not power . . » have we not power?’ (94); ‘All our fathers >» andvall in. .vand alles Sandal (01:4); etc.—(8) In‘ We perish, we all perish’ (Nu 17%), we find the same expression repeated at the end of two successive sentences—a method of securing Euphony which is called Epiphora. We encounter it again in the eleven times recurring ‘and all the people shall say Amen’ of Dt 27-6; cf. ‘Take them alive . . . take them alive’ (1 K 201»); and we find at the end of sentences repetitions like the following: ‘the king of glory’ (Ps 24>); “shall be bowed down’ (Is 2-17); ‘when he raiseth up,’ ete. (vv. 21>); “shall lament her’? (Ezk 321») ; ‘as a child’ (1 Co 13"); ‘so am I’ at the close of three sentences (2 Co 11”); ‘in watchings often