. . in fastings often’ (v.?"), etc.—(y) A superior degree of Euphony is sought by beginning one sentence and closing another with the same expres- sion. This so-called Ploke is exemplified in ‘Ceased ... inIsrael . . . they ceased’ (Jg 5’); ‘Blessed shall be... she shall be blessed’ (v.74?) ; ‘He lieth . . . he lieth’ (Ps 10°); ‘Wait on the Lorp
wait’ (¥744>), etc.; ‘Vanity ... vanity’ (Ee 1"); ‘Hope that is seen is not hope’ (Ro 84) ; ‘Rejoice in the LoRD . . . rejoice’ (Ph 4*), ete.— (5) Specially frequent is the attempt to secure Euphony by making the same word end one sen- tence and begin the next—the so-called Anadi- plosis. The earliest example of it in the Bible is shéphekh dam h@ddam b@adam diamé yishsha- phekh ‘Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed’ (Gn 9%); ‘The kings came and fought, then fought,’ ete. (Jg 5); ‘. . , the way, but the way,’ ete. (Ps 1%); ‘and gathered them- selves together, yea ... gathered themselves together’ (851); dabesh (‘is clothed’), labash (Ps 931); lakhin yéyélil Mab lé- MPab kulloh
166 STYLE OF SCRIPTURE
STYLE OF SCRIPTURE
SS a ee Se ee
yéyélil ‘ therefore shall Moab howl, for Moab shall every one howl’ (Is 16’); ha-kéz ba, bd ha-kéz ‘the end is come, it is come the end’ (Ezk 7°), ete. ; ‘That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten, and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten,’ etc. (J] 14) ete.; ‘In him was life, and the life,’ etc. (Jn 1**); ‘ Faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ’ (Ro 107); ‘He that soweth sparingly, sparingly shall he also reap’ (2 Co 9°) ; ‘The trying of your faith worketh patience, but let patience,’ etc. (Ja 15) ete.; cf. Stilistik, pp. 298-304.
iv. PECULIARITIES OF STYLE FOR WHICH A PRE- FERENCE IS SHOWN BY PARTICULAR CLASSES OF SCRIPTURE WRITERS.—1. In certain parts of the Bible the so-called ‘lower’ style is employed, while others are marked by the use of a ‘higher’ style. The difference may be observed even by readers of the Bible who have no acquaintance with Hebrew. They will note how in certain portions of the OT the employment of metaphorical expressions has a special vogue. Every one is familiar with the phrase ‘daughter of Zion,’ i.e. the inhabitants of Zion, and at times=Zion itself. But where do we meet with this phrase for the first time in the OT? From the beginning of Genesis we may read straight on to 2 K 1974 before we encounter it, and the passage just named is the only one in the historical books of the OT where it occurs. How has it found its way here? Simply because in this passage we have a report of words spoken by Isaiah (cf. Is 37"), in whose writings this and similar phrases are found repeatedly (18 10%. ®2 16! 224 2310. 12 37 ; cf. [Deutero-] Is 471: © 52? 621), The reader of the English Bible may, further, remark how, for instance, in the Book of Isaiah, the beautiful meta- phors of darkness and light are employed (5%°> 8” 9 etc.), and how at one time the hosts of the enemy and at another time the Divine judgments figure in the oracles of this prophet as irresistible floods (8 28" etc.). Any ordinary reader of the Bible will notice, again, how in Isaiah there are far more questions and exclamations than in the Book of Kings. For instance, ‘How is the faith- ful city become an harlot !’ (124); ‘Woe unto the wicked !’ (34); ‘O my people !’ (v.22) ; ‘Woe unto them !’ ete. (5°") ; ‘Woe is me!’ ete. (65); ‘Bind up the testimony !’ (8'%); ‘Shall the axe?’ ete. (10%); ‘This people was not!’ (23%). Nor can the reader of this book help noticing the dialogues and monologues it contains. How lifelike, for instance, are the words ‘The voice said, Cry, and he (the person formerly addressed) said, What shall I ery?’ followed by the answer of the first speaker, ‘All flesh is grass,’ etc. (405), The same quality excites our admiration in ‘Can a woman forget her sucking child?’ etc.; ‘Yea, they may forget . . . Behold, I have,’ ete. (49%); or in the question ‘Wherefore have we fasted,’ etc. (58°), ete.; cf. Stilistik, pp. 229-231. But the reader of the original text of the OT will recognize much more clearly still that certain portions and even whole books are distinguished from others by a higher style. He will observe that many com- ponents of the Hebrew vocabulary are used only in certain passages. Jor instance, there is no occur- rence in Gn 1-4” of he’dzin ‘ give ear,’ a synonym of shama ‘hear’ which is used in 3%, “On the other hand, he’ézin, which is translated ‘hearken ’ in 4”, recurs in the following additional passages : Ex 15", Nu 23'8 (one of the Balaam oracles), Dt 1® 32}, Jg 5°, 2Ch 24" (perhaps an imitation of Is 64°), Neh 9 (in a prayer), Job 91 ete.. Ps 52 etc., Pr 174, Is 1? 1° 99 98% 399 49% 514 G43, Jer 1315 Hos 5', J1 1°. The same is the case with the word ‘umra * speech,’ which likewise does not occur prior to Gn 4”, and after that is preferred to its synonym dabar only in the following passages : Dt 32? 33%,