II. WoRKS ON THE History OF SEMITIC RELIGION, WHICH TAKE ACCOUNT OF THE OT PARALLELS.—See above, p. 612, and add: Pere Lagrange, Etudes sur les religions sémitiques, Paris, 1903.
III. WoRKS ON BIBLICAL THEOLOGY OR ON THE HISTORY OF THE RELIGION OF THE OT.—A. Kuenen, De Godsdienst van Israél tot den ondergang van den Joodschen staat [Dutch, Haarlem, 1869-1870, 2 vols. ; Eng. tr. by May, London, 1874, 1875, 3 vols.]; H. Schultz, Alttest. Theologie, Braunschweig, 1869 [5th ed. Gottingen, 1896]; G. F. Oehler, Theologie des AT, herwusge-
eben von Herm. Ochler, Tiibingen, 1873, 1874, 2 vols. [8rd ed.
y Theodor Oehler, Stuttgart, 1891]; A. Kayser, Die Theologie des AT in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung, herausgegeben von EH. Reuss, Strassburg, 1886 [the 8rd edition of 1897 was completely revised by K. Marti and published as Geschichte der israelitischen Religion (4th edition 1903)]; Ch. Piepenbring, Théologie de Vancien Testament, Paris, 1886 [intended also for educated laymen]; W. L. Alexander, System of Biblical Theology, Edinburgh, 1888, 2 vols. ; . Riehm, Alttest. Theologie, herausgegeben von K. Pahneke, Halle, 1889; K. Schlottmann, Kompendiwm der bibl. Theologie des AT und NT, herausgegeben von HE. Kiihn, Leipzig, 1889 [2nd ed. 1895]; R. Smend, Lehrbuch der alttest. Religionsgeschichte, Freiburg and Leipzig, 1893 [2nd ed. 1899]; A. Dillmann, Handbuch der alttest. Theologie, wus dem Nachlass des Verfassers herausge- geben von R. Kittel, Leipzig, 1895; W. H. Bennett, The Theology of the OT, London, 1896; T. K. Cheyne, Jewish Religious Life after the Haile, New York, 1898 [German tr., with the assistance throughout of the author, by H. Stocks, Giessen, 1899]; A. Duff, OT Theology, or History of Hebrew Religion, London, 1891, 2 vols., and the same author’s History and Ethics of the Hebrews, London, 1902; A. B. Davidson, The Theology of the OT (posthu- mous work, ed. by S. D. F. Salmond], Edinburgh, 1904; K. Budde, Religion of Israel to the Exile, New York, 1899 [German edition under title ‘Die Religion des Volkes Israel bis zur Ver- bannung,’ Giessen, 1900]. This sketch of Budde’s is designed for a wider circle of readers, and so is F. Giesebrecht’s Die Grundztige der israelitischen Religionsgeschichte, Leipzig and Berlin, 1904.
IV. THE MORE CONSIDERABLE Monograpus (supplementary of the literature cited in the footnotes at the commencement of different sections of the above article).—F. Baethgen, Beitrdge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte (i. ‘ Der Gott Israels und die Gotter der Heiden,’ Berlin, 1888) ; E. Sellin, Bettrdge zur israeli- tischen und jiidischen Religionsgeschichte (i. ‘Jahwes Verhilt- nis zum _israelitischen Volk und Individuum nach altisraeli- tischer Vorstellung,’ Leipzig, 1896; ii. ‘Israels Giiter und Ideale,’ 1897) ; J. Koberle, Natur und Geist nach der Auffassung des AT: eine Untersuchung zur historischen Psychologie,
Miinchen, 1901. E. KAuTZScH
OF ABOVE ARTICLE. 38. Ritual practices : walking barefoot in sacred places, p. 621¢; washing the person and the clothes before approaching the presence of the Deity, p. 6214, - No record of priests in pre-Jahwistic times, p. 6212. . The sacral body, p. 6218. . Periodical festivals : New Moon, p. 621; Passover, p. 621; Mazzoth, p. 6224; sheep-shearing, p. 622 7. Course of procedure at festivals, p. 622. 8. Circumcision, p. 622, and Blood-revenge, p. 6232. Summary, p. 623», iii, MORAL CONDITIONS, p. 623», II. FounpIne or THE RELIGION OF ISRAEL (JAHWISM) BY MosEs AT SINAT, pp. 6248-634b, i, THE PERSON OF MOSES AS THE FOUNDER OF THE JAHWEH RELIGION, pp. 624-6254, 1. Question of the historicity of the traditions re- garding the life of Moses, p. 624 ; his claim to be the organ of a special revelation, p. 624». 2. Paucity of references to Moses outside the Hexateuch, and especially to his work as the founder of a religion, p. 6254. li. JAHWEH PROCLAIMED BY MOSES AS THE GOD OF ISRAEL, pp. 6254-629», 1. Moses’ view of Jahweh only henotheistic, not monotheistic, p. 6252. - Derivation of the name ‘ Jahweh,’ p. 625b. - Source of Moses’ knowledge of Jahweh: the Kenite hypothesis, p. 626». - Human form attributed to Jahweh, p. 627b, . The Neéhushtan, p. 628%, . The sacred Ark, p. 6283,
aon
aur on
RELIGION OF ISRAEL
RELIGION OF ISRAEL 733
jii. THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTER OF JAHWISM AS THE RE- LIGION OF ISRAEL, pp. 629-632. 1. Misuse of the term ‘theocracy,’ p. 629 f. 2. The bérith at Sinai, p. 630» ; its historical character, ; p. 6318 ; ethical henotheism implied init, p. 632*. iv. THE STAMP OF JAHWISM ON OUTWARD ORDINANCES IN THE TIME OF MOSES, pp. 632-634», 1. Difficulty of holding that any exclusive priestly order was instituted by Moses, p. 633%. 2. The Passover the only religious festival, p. 633». 3. Custom the ruling factor in social life, p. 633b. 4. Is the Decalogue in any form Mosaic?, p. 633». III. Tue Reuicion oF IsRAkL IN CANAAN IN THE PRE-PROPHETIC PERIOD, pp. 634-6712. i, THE SOURCES, p. 634». ii. CONCEPTION OF GOD, pp. 6354-644». 1. Henotheism, not Monotheism, still the stand- point, p. 635». 2. Jahweh the God of Israel, and Israel the people of Jahweh, p. 635%. (a) Jahweh as the war-God, p. 635». (6) The h@rem executed in honour of Jahweh, p. 6362. (c) The name Jahweh Zéb@ 6th, ‘Jahweh of Hosts,’ variously explained of («) hosts of ‘demons,’ p. 636>; (8) heavenly hosts, z.e. angels, p. 636; (y) the earthly hosts of Israel. Objections to this last view repelled, p. 636>f. Jahweh Zéba oth is specially the war-God as re- presented by the sacred Ark, p. 6378; (5) later use of the title to express the supramundane power and glory of. Jahweh, p. 637». 8. Distinction between the real being of Jahweh and His manifestations, p. 6375. (a) The ‘angel of Jahweh,’ p. 6384.