3. Ewald and Hengstenberg prefer Shilhim (LXX 2e\ec//i) in the extreme soutli of Judiea, mentioned (Jus 15'=) in connexion with Ain. Godet says (If n,! .Ill jivrii for John's baptizing in yEnon would I :, I : lorce as applied to a generally ^^'at'ii i,l,,- the southern extremity of Jutlali il, : i: I , :, I. 'lence Were to a Well-Watered distnci Ilk,. SiiMiiKi. But elsewhere (Jos 19", 1 Cli 4'-, Nrli I 1 ') Aiu is connected with Kimmon
Wadij
• as a Juda>an site for yEnon secluded valley with copioi
springs about 6 miles north-east of Jerusalem (quite different, of course, from the great Wady FAr'ah of Samaria). This is the view adopted by Professor Konrad Furrer in his article on the geographical allusions in the Gospel of St. John in the ZNTW, 1902, Heft 4, p. 258. The suggestion is not new. It was put forward nearly fifty years ago by Barclay {City of the Great King, pp. 558-570), but has never received the atten- tion it deserves. Barclay says that 'of all the fountains in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, the most copious and interesting by far are those that burst forth within a short distance of each other in Wady Far'ah.' He quotes the following descrip- tion from The History of the Jerusalem Mission :—
' From the brow at Wady Fiir'ah we descended with some difficulty into that " Valley of Delight,"— for such is the literal signification of its n.ame,— and truly I have seen nothing so delightful in the way of natural scenery, norinviting in pointof resources, etc., in all Palestine. Ascending its bold stream from this point, we passed some half-dozen expansions of thestreani, constituting the most beautiful natural natatona I have ever seen ; the water, rivalling the atmosphere itpelf in transparency, of depth varying from a few inches to a fathom or more, shaded on one or both sides by umbrageous fig-trees, and sometimes contained in naturally-excavated basins of red mottled marble — an occasional variegation of the common limestone of the country. These pools are supplied by some half-dozen springs of the purest and coldest water, bursting from rocky crevices at various intervals. Verily, tlinu^'lit I. we ha\e stumbled upon Enon ! . . . Portions of ai'M In , l,< ,i d ,,f iK.it* r\ and stone, and in a tolerable state ol I' ■' i . i ■ mi m lii\ |ilLu-es,are .still found remaining on - ,: ,. imli. ating the
extent to which the vailL> \ i . n i , > m i_ah a . and richer
land I have never seen tli mi i^ imi' h i.i liii.-, rliariuing valley. . . . Several herds of oatUe were voraciously feeding on the rich herbage near the stream ; and thousands of sheep and goats werejseen approaching the stream, or " resting atnoonday " in the shadow of the great rock composing the overhanging cliff here and there. . . . Rank gra-sses, luxuriant reeds, tall weeds, and shrubbery and trees ot various kinds, entirely conceal the stream from view in many places. . . . Higher up, the valley becomes very narrow, and the rocky precipices tower to a sublime height.'
The name -'Fiiuii dors nut seem to have survived in connexion v. uli ihcM' .v|uings, but wiUun 2 miles of them thriv i> ;iiiiilhrr ^alley called by the Arabs Wady Salciiii. It is at least possible that this name was once borne liy one of the towns whose ruins still crown the neighljouring heights. A town thus placed would have been a conspicuous object from many parts of Jud.'ea, and would have been naturally referred to by the Evangelist when describing the location of /Enon.
LriERATriiE.— In addition to writers cited above, see artt. '.Eiioa ' in Smith's DB-, and * Salim ' in Eiicyc. Blblica.
W. W. Moore.
AFFLICTION.-In AV of the Gospels 'attliction' occurs only twice (Mk 4" IS''-*), corresijonding both times to eXi^i^ in the original. KV gives ' tribu- lation ' — its invariable rendering of BXiyj/is except in Jn 16-^ where, like AV, it has ' anguish.' In Mt 248 ^v translates c is e\^iv ' to be afflicted ' (RV 'unto tribulatiim '). In ,all remaining cases it renders ()\,,/i9 bv ' IrHml ition ' (Mt 13=' 24=1-29, Mk ]:P', .In Hi ■). tl,.' ( acrk CXri^is (WH exiypa) signi- fies literally ' iiressiiii; td^etlier,' 'pressure' (cf. 6Sd< TfO\iij.ij.h'v 'in Mt 7'^ of tiie ' straitened way ' ; IW /i?) BUjioKTLv avT&v, ' lest they should throng liim,' in Mk 3"). In classical Greek it is found infrequently, and with its literal meaning only. In Biblical Greek, will 11' ike iiieta|ihorical significance pre- vail- 111 lie limner occurrence, always
pos-i ii ,M- .eii-e, and usually suggesting 'sulk ,11 k ill without' (Lightfoot).
Ill iiii. -iMii- el riiiist the word bears three refeieiiees. 'it cleiKiles (lie persecutiou to which His l<, lingers will lie sill ijeeted, and by which theu' h.vallv will be le.te.l (Mk 4"=Mt 13"; Mt 24', the privations and suli'erings
Itdes
Jn 10"^).
(not, as above, necessarily induced by His service) attendant upon a great national or universal crisis (Mk 13"'-^=Mt 24"- =1). And, finally, it is em- ployed in one of His illustrations to indicate a
AGE
AGONY
woman's Jiangs in childbirth (Jn 16-', AV and KV 'anguish'). See, further, artt. Persecution, Suffering, Tribulation. H. Bissekek.