For He 57 see below under B.
(3) 'To cry' or 'cry out' (=/io^v, amjiofv, iin- Poiv) :
(a) of articulate utterances : of solemn and im- pressive emphasis (=to speak with a high, strong voice), Mt 33 II Mk P, Lk Z*, Jn l-^ (all in tlie quotation from Is 40^ 'the voice of one crying,' etc.); of distressful appeal, Lk Q^" ; e-sp. 'to cry for help to' ( = '7K pvi in OT), Lk 18' (the elect who cry day and night) ; in ref. to Jesus, of the cry of agony on the cross ('My God, my God,' etc.), Mk 15" and || Mt 27-'«.
In this connexion the passage in Ja 5* deserves notice : ' Behold the hire of your labourers . . . crieth out {xpaZ,u) ; and the cries (fioni) of them that reaped have entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth.' Here the verb is used of crying for vengeance (of. Hab 2") and the noun (^o«.) of cries for help. The latter sense is esp. frequent in the Psalms(«.(7. 6'- 186. 41 etc.), corresponding to the Heb. yis* and derivatives. This word is •used exclusively of crying for help' (Driver).? Though fre- quent in the Psalms (LXX and Heb.), it occurs rarely in the NT.
(6) of cries of joy, jmin (inarticulate): of joy. Gal 4^ (quotation from Is 54i) ; cf. of pain, Ac 8' (of unclean spirits crying with a loud voice).
(4) 'To cry,' 'cry out,' or ' cry aloud '( = (/lumi', (TKpwpeiii) :
(a) emphatic, followed by words uttered, Lk 8'-"; cf. 1''= (a.iie<piiivq(rev, 'she spake out,' AV ; ' lifted up her voice,' RV) ; of angry cries of multi- tude (enL<t>uvdv), Lk 23='.
(b) of the inarticulate cries of the possessed, Mk 1=3 ('and the unclean spirit . . . crying with a loud voice ').
((•) 'cry' = 0ui'i), esp. in the phrase <t>uvv A^eTdXi;, ' with a loud voice or cry,' added to verbs.
B. 'Crying' in He 5'.— This passage, which has direct reference to our Lord, calls for special notice here : ' Who, in his days of flesh, having offered up, with strong crying (/nera Kpavyiji tffxvpas) and
* Probably here should be added Mt 16=3 (■ she crieth after us '), where articulate cries seem to be meant, though the words uttered are not given.
t In II passages Lk 23=1 has i-rtfmeuv Xiyctni, Jn 196 ixpi^it''"'"
t In the II passages Mk 1537 has iftU ^cn> H-ty^f-r-', andLk23-'ii § Parallel Psalter, p. 441.
CUBIT
CUP
was able to save him out of death,' etc. The ref. is doubtless primarily to Gethsemane (so Delitzsch, Westcott), though 'a wider application of the words to other prayers and times of peculiar trial in our Lord's life is not excluded. Schoettgen {ad loc. ) t quotes a Jewish saying which strikingly illustrates the phrase : ' There are three kinds of prayers, each loftier than the preceding : prayer, crying, and tears. Prayer is made in silence ; cry- ing, with raised voice : but tears overcome all things.' The conjunction of the terms mentioned often occurs in OT, esp. in the Psalms, e.g. Ps 39'^ :
' Hear my prayer, O Lord, And give ear unto my cry ('nyic) ; Hold not thy peace at my tears.' Also Ps 6P, and cf. Ps 80^ «.
The close association of the idea of prayer with that of ' crying ' or ' cry ' may be illustrated from the Gospels, esp. perhaps in the case of our Lord's cries on the cross (Mt 27*™, Lk 23''*). According to Jewish tradition, in the solemn prayer for for- giveness uttered by the high priest on the Day of Atonement in the Holy of Holies, the words kik nB3 cen ' O Lord, forgive,' were spoken with heightened voice, so that they could be heard at a distance.
Literature.— Art. 'Call' in Hastings' DB i. 343 f., and the Gr. Lexicons under the various Gr. terms (esp. Grimm-Thaver).
G. H. Box. CUBIT.— See Age, and Weights and Measures.
CDHUIN. — Cummin (or cumin) is the seed of the Cumimim cyminum, an annual herbaceous umbellifer. It has a slender, branching stem, and grows to the height of a foot. The seeds, which are ovoid in form, are strongly aromatic, and have a flavour not unlike that of caraway, but more pungent. Cummin was used by the Jews as a condiment, and also for flavouring bread. It has carminative and other medicinal properties, and was employed not only as a remedy for colic, but also to stanch excessive bleeding and to allaj- swellings. It is indigenous to Upper Egj-pt and the Mediterranean countries, but it was also cultivated from early times in Western Asia, India, and China.
Cummin is mentioned t^nce in the Bible (Is 2S^'-'' 103, and JIt 23=^ kviuvov). In the latter passage Jesus rebukes the Pharisees, because they paid tithe of mint, and anise, and cummin, and omitted the weightier matters of the Law.
CDP (irorripiov, in general significance correspond- ing to the Heb. Dis and so used in the LXX ; Vulg. equivalent is cctUx).
1. Literal. — A few references to the cup as a vessel in common use occur in the Gospels : Mk 7=- *, Mt 10*= ( = Mk 9*') 23=»- =« ( = Lk \l^). The first of these passages is plainly an explanatory parenthesis furnished by the Evangelist for the information of readers unacquainted with Jt^wi^h customs. iroT-iipia, he says, are anion^'st thr things subject to ' washings ' ((SoTrno-Moi)— which w[L>hiiij;s were not such as simple cleanliness required, hut were prescribed by the decrees • intended to sepa- rate the Jew from :ill eujn.ict with the GentUes.' The Talmudic tractuti/ K'li/n names seven kinds of things requiring such ceremonial purification, and amongst them are earthenware vessels and vessels of bone, metal, and wood. Resting on such Levitical prescriptions as are to be found in Lv 11 and Nu 31, the purification of vessels was carried to the furthest extreme of stringent re- quirement by ' the tradition of the elders.' Vessels tliat had in any way come into contact witli the * Westcott. " t Cited in Westcott, ib.