quoted from Ex 2117.
iMipr
2 111. 4
in size about 24" x 15" x 5". They are usually made of straw — less frequently of cotton or hair — sewn into strong canvas, and covered with coloured print or silk. The larger cushions for the seat of the diicdii; and employed in the boats, are of the .same material. See Pillow. W. Ewing.
CUSTOM.— See Tribute.
CTRENE {Kiiprivri) was a Greek settlement on the north coast of Africa, in the district now called Benghazi or Barca, which forms the E. part of the modern province of Tripoli. It was founded B.C. 632. It was the chief member of a con- federacy of five neighbouring cities ; hence the district was called either Pentapolis or Cyrenaica. Under the first Ptolemy it became a dependency of Egypt ; was left to Rome by the will of Ptolemy Apion, B.C. 96 ; was soon after formed into a province, and later, perhaps not till 27, united with Crete, with which under the Empire it formed a senatorial province, under an ex- prnctor with the title of proconsul. It was noted for its fertility and for its commerce, which, how- ever, declined after the foundation of Alexandria. It produced many distinguished men, such as the philosophers Aristippus and Carneades, the poet Callimachus, and the Christian orator and bishop Synesius.
Jews were very numerous and influential there. The first Ptolemy, ' wishing to secure the govern- ment of Cyrene and the other cities of Libya for himself, sent a party of Jews to inhabit them ' (Josephus, c. Apion. ii. 4). Cyrenian Jews are mentioned in 1 Mac 15°^, 2 Mac 2-* (Jason of Cyrene). According to Strabo (ap. Jos. Atit. xiv. vii. 2), the inhabitants of Cyrene were divided into four classes — citizens, husbandmen {i.e. native Libyans), sojourners {/liroiKoi), and Jews. The Jews enjoyed equality of civil rights {Ant. XVI. vi. 1, 5). An inscription at Berenice, one of the cities of Cyrenaica, of prob. B.C. 13, shows that the Jews there formed a civic community {iroKl- reu/ia) of their own, under nine rulers {CIG iii. 5361). The Cyrenian Jews were very turbulent ; Lucullus had to suppress a disturbance raised by them (Strabo, I.e.) ; there was a rising there at the close of the Jewish war, A.D. 70 (Jos. BJ VII. xi. ; Vita, 76) ; and a terrible internecine war between them and their Gentile neighbours, under Trajan (Dio Cass. Ixviii. 32 ; Euseb. HIC iv. 2).
Simon of Cyrene (the father of Alexander and Rufus [wh. see]), who was impressed to bear our Lord's cross (Mt 27'^ Mk 15", Lk 23=''), was doubtless one of these Jewish settlers. Other NT references to Cyrenian Jews are : Ac 2'" (at Pente- cost), 6' (members of special sjiiagogue at Jeru- salem, opposing Stephen), ll-"(preachingatAntioeh to Greeks [or Hellenists]), 13' (Lucius of Cyrene, probably one of these preachers, a prophet or teacher at Antiooh).
Literature.— Rawlinson's flerodofwr, iii. p. ISOff. ; Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geography ; Schurer, MJP I. ii. 283, II. ii. 230f., 24.5 f.; Marquardt, R&inise.he .Slaalsvertraltung (1S81), i. 458 it.; art. ' Diaspora' (hv Schurer) in Hastings' DB, Extra Vol. p. 96i>. HAROLD SMITH.
CYRENIUS.— See Quirinius.
DAILY BREAD
DALlVrAXUTHA
D
DAILY BREAD.— See Lord's Prayer.
DALMANDTHA.— Mk 8'" only. The textual and geoyniphiial problems involved in this name have not found as yet a satisfactory explanation. After the feetling of tlie 4000, Jesus embarked with His disciples, and came, according to Mt 15^', ei'j to Spia yiaySaM (TR) or lilayaSif (all critical editions) ; according to Mk 8'" eis ri /t^pij i!^a\/iavovOd.
In Mt. the variations are few and unimportant, except tlie difference betnveen llagdala and Magadan. For i».a we find occasionally «>.«, ify, (with following «,u«-^JaAa), «>. Cod. I> places T^.- before the proper name. Ma/aSa* is the reading of NED (B3 -i,), iixysii, of tf ; the Old Latin has Magadan, Mageda, -am, Magidam ; Vulg. Magedan ; syrsin p3D, «">" piJO, i»i yiK, P"i> n:D (.Vn;/if« ; so also the Arabic Tatian). Most uncials and cursives ilay^aAa ; CM 33. 102, etc., Mctyiet\K¥. In Mk. TOE /4£f),] is replaced by t* eptct in D2.
» „ ,1 nipt, „ N.
,, ,, „ TO o^of „ 2S, syrs'n; but in the
latter the addition of a dot makes the plural ; svrcuris missing ; 1! has the spelling <i«/.,u«.oi;.ei, 471 A«u«.»i/«i, IS-l'v a»j.. uoi/ioi-ya ; Vulg. Dalmanutha (with unimportant variations); arm. Dalmaaunca. But this is now replaced by :
M(Ai-/«;i (not M«3i^«J« as read by Stephanas) in D'.
M«-/«.i<^ (not M«y«o« as printed bv Tischendorf) in D'.
IWyila. in 28, 81.
M«>-iaXa in 1. 13. 61. 69, etc. Syrsi" pjc^ syri"' Si3C, Got. Magdalan, Old Lat. Mageda, -an, ■am, Magidan. It is a natural supposition that in Mk. all read- ings differing from ^£&*i Ax>.utctoulfx are due to assimilation to Mt. , perhaps under the influence of Tatian. The confusion of ifm and epr,(opoi)miist be very earlv, and has its parallels in manv passages of the OT, from Jos ll'S 13" to Ezk lli», Mai 13. oii its occurrence in syr^'i see especially Chase, The Syro-Latiti Text of the Gospels, p. 97, esp. n. 2, where he justly remarks ; *Thi3 reading of the Sinaitic raises two questions: (a) Was there an early Greek Harmony of the Gospels ? . . . (6) What is the relation of Sin. to Tatian?" On the Cod. 28 which supports the reading of Byr'™, see WH ii. 242 ("which has many relics of a very ancient text ').