That Magadan, not Magdala, is the true reading in Mt. is probable (independently of the witnt-ss of MSS) on internal grounds; for it is diflicult to explain how a name like .Va^t/a^a, wliich was well known through Mary .Magdalene, should have become Magadan, The introduction of both forms into MSS of Mk. points to the fact that there were several stages in the revision of our MSS. Both the readings, Magadan and Magdala, may, however, go back to the same Heb. Sn;s, as is shown by Jos 1537, where B has MayotSi TaS for M«>-3aX r«J of A. Even for Dabnanutha such an explanation has been attempted by Dalman (Gramm. p. 133 ; change of y into ». and transposition of syllables A»X;u«»ei/fla from M<i.yhitXtuSi = ri't7~:T2. But in the 2nd ed. p. 108 he has left out this note and all references to this word).
That Ttt Spia in Mt. and ra /i^pri in Mk. are almost Identical expressions, is shown by Mt 15-' t/s ri (jLt'pi] ^iSwvos Kal Ti/pou compared witli Mk 7" els ra. opia (JTR iieBbpia) Ti'./)ou (»,ai i;ioi;'os), and by the fact that in the OT 4 of the 11 Heb. equivalents for opiov (T, Vic, .1X3, I'p) reappear among the 22 Heb. eiiuivalents of iiipot. The next sui)position is therefore that Magadan (or Magdala) in Mt. = Dalinaiiutlia in Mark. But how is this possible ?
Many explanations have been started. The one projiust'd by Dalman niav be dismissed at once, as it is given up by himself ; cf. also Wellhausen's remarks on it (Ei\ Marci). Lightfoot and Ewald derived Dalmanutha from poVs by the supposition of an Aramaic or Galila'an pronunciation. Keim {Jesus of ^azara, Eng. tr. iv. 238) explained it similarly as 'Shady Place.' Schwarz {Das hcilige Land, p. 189) derived it from the cave Teliman (iiO'So), which cave, however, according to Neu- bauer, was in the neighbourhood or Herod's C-csarea. J. W. Donaldson (Jashar: fragmenta archctypa carminvm Hchraicorwn, editio secunda, 1840, p. 16) suggested : 'AoX- istud residuum esse veri nominis MaySaXd .'^cil. V."<-Si;:, MaKou^d autem re-
prcesentare pluralem vocis r\)D pars, portio, quam in bneco fiipTi conversam habeinus.' A similar idea was struck out independently by R. Harris {Codex Bezce, p. 188) and the present writer (Philologica Sacra, p. 17 ; KxpTix. 45), tha.t Dalmantitha is the transliteration of the Aramaic equivalent of eh rd M^pri, whicli by some form of ditto<j'i-aphy took the place of the proper name. Against Harris see Chase, Bezan Text of Acts, p. 145, n. 2 ; and against the whole suggestion, Dalman, ^Vords of Jesus, p. 66 f. Dalman doubts whether ."iC-:9 ii Aramaic meant anything else but 'portion.' But in the Syriac Bible at least it is frequently used for the allotted portions of land (Jos 14- lo', Is 57"). N. Herz saw in the word an Aramaized form of the Greek Xi/x^» 'harbour' {ExpT v'n\. 563, ix. 95, 426). Others, finallv, give no explanation, and consider Magadan and DalmanutJui as the names of two difl'erent places near each other, neither being very well known. But this leads to the topographical problem.
Eusebius in his Ononucsticon has but one para- graph on a name beginning with M immediately after names from the prophet Jeremiah (Mephaath, Maon, Molchom, 48'-'- -' 49'). It runs (in Kloster- mann's edition, p. 134 [ = Lagarde, OS p. 282]):
yiaytii, (Mt 1539). ,;.- ^i t^,„ M«>,(Si. i Xpinis jTiS-i/i^irl., i! i yUrSi^iX. ui i -SUpiai! Si tis Ua.ylhk< ^nfutliu, xaS iim tZv n MfltytSaf*! rr£^ j rr,, Tipetffti*.
In Jerome's translation :
'Magedan, ad cuius lines Matthseus evangelista scribit domi- num pen-enisse, sed et Marcus eiusdem iiominis recordatur, nunc autem regio dicitur Magedena c
The unique MS, in which the work of Eusebius is preserved, writes SIa7oi5di' (as D*) and Ma-/ai5ai'^. Eusebius may have been reminded of the name by the occurrence of yiaySdiXu beside M^/t^ij in Jer 51 (44)', which he quotes a few lines before (ed. Klost. p. 134, 1. 15). At all events it follows from the entry, that Eusebius did not find Dalmanutha in his text of Mark, and that he sought the place on the eastern side ; but Gerasa seems too far from the Lake, unless we are to suppose that it htul some sort of enclave on its shores.
A strange identification is tliat with the ' Phiala ' Lake mentioned by Jos. BJ III. x. 7 as one of tlie sources of the Jordan. See the Maps published by Rohrieht, i. (ZC/Txiv. 1S91):
'Hunc foiitem Jo
It Phialain, Marcus Dal- ■'■u\ Mudin, Hinc est verus s.-e recipiuntur in Dan sub.
ortus Jordan ; unde p:ilL- terraneo meatu ductae.'
Furrer {ZDPV ii. 59) identified Dalmanutha with Khan Minych, which name he connected with mensa (the table where Jesus sat with the Twelve, first mentioned in the Commcmoratorium, A.D. 808), and this with (Dal)raanatha; but see against this Gildemeister {ib. iv. 19711'.). Thomson {LB 393) suggests a ruined site up the Yannuk half a mile from the Jordan called Dalhamia or Dalmamia (Robinson, .Bi?P iii. 264, ' Delhemiyeh ') ; Tristram, a site one and a half miles from Migdel ; Sir C. Wilson, a site not far from the same. The a"ed Prof. Sepp in a recent paper, ' Die endlich entdeckte Heimat aer Magdalena' {Vtilhcrschau, iii. 3, pp. 199-202, 1904), argued for Miqdal Gedor or Mag- dala Gadara, a Jewish suburb of Gadara (Jerus. Erubin v. 7). Wellhausen has no doubt that it must be sought on the eastern shore, in the neigli- bourhood of Bethsaida (Mk 8"), if this town itself did not belong to it. For he holds 8"'" '" to be identical -svith 8", the object aiVo.'s of i<t,eii in 8'^