F. R. Montgomery Hitchcock.
DADGHTER (BiryirTip). — The word ' daughter ' is used in various senses in the Gospels: (1) in the literal sen.se, Mt 9'» lO^^, Mk 5^5 6- 7=», Lk S-"- ; (2) as a term of kind address, Mt 9", Mk 5=^, Lk S-i* ; (3) collectively for the inhabitants of a city, Mt 2P, Jn 12'5 (cf. Zee 9^) ; (4) as a term of address to the female inhabitants of a city, Lk 23-''; (5) in the Hebrew sense of descendant, Lk P 13'®.
The diminutive evydrpiov is found twice in the Gospel of Mark (5^ 7-=). Like all diminutives, it is a terra of endearment.
Henry E. Doskek.
DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (xi'-A^^^l.-The Greek word is presumably derived from the lost root pv(iu, Lat. nubo, ' to cover,' inasmuch as the bride was brought veiled to her bridegroom. Although the word applies to married women in general, its associated idea is that of youth. Hence its an- tithesis witli irevdepd, the mother-in-law (Mt lO^-, Lk 1253). The son usually brought his bride to his father's house, where she was subject to the father's wife, as was the son to the father and the daughter to the mother (Mt Iff", Lk 12").
Henry E. Dosker.
DAYID.—
For the student of the Gospels the most important OT p.issage ing Da^ id is 2 S 7. Da\ id expressed to Nathan a strong
desire to build a tenii.K^ t" r .T,ii , .ih in lii^ new capital, a wish indicative of worldly ^\i- i " : ' \ on t!ie part of the
king. Jehovah denies l> i i i ;l promises to build
for him an everlastinLT 1: iiliout end. David's
throne is to staml iov ( >■ i I - ,i :>! I !'i :tre founded on this no! 1 i:ii: author ot I's Stt in a far later time,
w), hid been overturned by the heathen,
rf ■ - :incient promise, and pleads earnestly
f. 1 ,' of His wrath. The earlv prophets.
Aim - , I~:iiah (9' 165 37J5), unite with the author
of Kiiiu'sU K -J^' til- (-to.) in the expectation that the promise made to David in 2 S 7 will not fail. The prophetic hopes for the future of Israel spring from Nathan's message as branches from the trunk that gives them life. Jeremiah (235f- SS'Sff) carries forward the work of his predecessors of the 8th cent. B.C., asserting the perpetuity of David's dynasty in most em- phatic terms. Ezekiel (Si'^f- 372-if-) cheers tlie discouraged exiles with the picture of a glorious restoration of the throne of David. The groat ruler of the future will be a second David. In the period after the return from Babylon, the author of the last section of Zechariah (12M31) describes the glories of the coming time in connexion with the Davidic dynasty : 'The house of David shall be as God, as the angel of Jehovah before them.* The Jlessianic hope in the inter-Biblical period, like that of the OT, attached itself to David. The author of Ecclesiasticus (47") reminds his readers that the Lord exalted David's horn for ever, entering into a covenant and promising him a throne of glory in Israel. About a centviry later the author of 1 Mac. (2^7) .says, ' David for being merciful inherited the throne of a kingdom for ever and ever.* Most important for the student of the Gospel history is Ps 17 of the Psalms of Solomon, a collection of patriotic hymns belonging to the period inmiediately following Pompey's capture of Jerusalem (G3-4S B.C.). Ps 17 is a notable Messianic prophecy, prayer and prediction being freely inter- mingled after the fashion of the OT prophets and poets. The Messianic King is to be David's son (17-*- -^). Jehovah Himself is Israel's King for ever and ever (171- «) ; but the Son of David is His chosen to overthrow the heathen, and institute a righteous reign in Israel (1720- ■<2r).
The four Evangelists unite in tlie view that the Messiah was to come from the seed of Da\-id (Mt 1>, ]Mk 10", Lk 2^, Jn 7^^). ' The Son of David ' was sjTionymous in the time of our Lord's earthly ministrj' with 'Messiah' or 'Christ.' Both the scrihes and the common people held this view. When the children cried in the temple, ' Hosanna to the Son of David ' (Mt 2P=), both the rulers and the multitude looked upon the words as a distinct recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus. The Epistles (Ro P, 2 Ti 2*) and the Revelation (5= 22i=) concur in calling attention to the Davidic origin of Jesus. The interest of NT writers in David is confined almost exclusively to his relation to our Lord Jesus as His ancestor and type.
Jesus refers to one incident in the life of David in reply to the accusation of His enemies as to His oliservance of the Sabbath (Mk 2=, cf. 1 S 211-"). This incident is said to have taken place 'when Abiathar was high priest.' [On the difficulties created by this statement see art. Abiathar.]
During the week preceding our Lord's crucifixion, perhaps on Tuesda3% He asked the Pharisees a question which put them to silence and confusion. Having drawn from them a statement of their belief that the Christ would be the son of Darid, He at once quoted David's words in Ps 1 10' to show that the Messiah would also be David's Lord (Mt 22^' 11). Jesus wished to show His foes and the multitude that the ortliodox view of the time overlooked the exalted dignity of the Messiah. He was to be far greater than'Daviil, for He was his Lord. .See, further, Broadus on Mt. ad luc, and, for the meaning of 'David' and 'Moses' in our Lord's citations from the OT, art. Moses.