them, ' Woe is me if I preach not the gospel.' The joy of this gain is anticipated in Dn 12^ (cf. Ja 5'"--"). Its greatness is most fully known when we realize that we share it \A-ith God Himself and His angels (Lk IS""- "• '-"■)•
In all three classes of passages the language is that of the market-place where men get gain by bargaining or labouring ; but it is immensely sublimated and iinrilii ,1 of all selfishness and gi'eecf.
Literature. Spirit ; Thoma GeniKtnica {ly. Goulburn, Thu< Life and Let/r John Weisley ;
i.ids de Sales, The ' Christ ; Theoiogia ivlor, Hoty Liviivj ; 1. J. Coleridge, S.J., ■is Xamer-.M. Southey, Life of
of eminent modern i
J. O. Hannay.
GALILEAN (FaXtXaios).— Twice Jesus is men- tioned as a GalUajan : once by a maid-servant (Mt 26'*') ; once when Pilate was anxious to transfer the trial of Jesus from his own to Herod's cotirt (Lk 23"). It Avas during the trial of Jesus also that Peter was recognized as a Galihtan by the bystanders (Mt 26", Mk U™, Lk 22=" ; see Galilee, § 7). In Jn 4-" we read that Galiheans, who had been at Jerusalem and had seen the works of Jesus there, received Him on that account in their own land. In Lk 13' we are told of Pilate's (evidently recent) pimishment of some Galilseans, whom he had slain even wdiile they were sacrificing. This event can- not be identified with any revolt mentioned in histoi'y. Some suppose Barabbas to have been arrested in connexion therewith ; some would asso- ciate it with the revolt of Judas of Galilee (Jos. BJ II. viii. 1), but this took place, according to Ac S", more tlian twenty years before. Probably it refers to some small outbreak, severely punished by Pilate as usual (cf. Philo, Leg. ad Gaiiim, 37).
For characteristics of GalUteans see Galilke, § 7, ' People.' G. "VV. Thatcher.
GALILEE. -1. AVfHic— The English form of the name ' Galilee ' is derived from the Hebrew S-S) {Grilll), Aram. n'-Sj (Gdnia or G'lllii), through Gr. Ta\i\aia and Lat. Galilcea. The Heb. word denotes simply a 'circuit' or 'district', and in Is 9' Galilee is called ' Galilee (R"V^m ' the district ') of the nations,' and in 1 Mac 5" TaXiXaia a\\o<l>i\uv ('Galilee of the strangers'). In other pas-sages of the OT it is simply called ' the district.'
2. History. — When the Hebrew invasion of Pales- tine took place, the main jiart of Galilee was .allotted to Zebulun, Asher, and Naphtali. Accord- iiiu to .I^ )3<>:b_ Zebulun was not altogether success- ful ill ill i\ ing out the inhabitan'.j of their portion, "liile Aslier and Naphtali had to be content to settle as best they could anumg the inhabitants, ' for they did not 'drive them out.' These inhabit- ants seem to have been Amorites and Hivites from the Leb.anon. An ;iceoiml of one (or two) of the battles fotight in llii^ .M,,i,(n i> fnuiid in Jg 4-5. Intliedav>of theM-i i ! ;■ :il\vayssuH'ered
in the Syrian wars, h I l-v IJen-hadad
(IK 1.^^'"), prolijibly ^^^■n link kv Ahab, taken again by the Araiiia'ans umler Hazael (2 K 12"* 13~). and recovered by Jeroboam II. It was also on the high-road of the Assyrian invjision, and was won for Assyria bv Ti'.'latliiiilespr III. in 734 (2 K 15'.»), many of its inli.-il.it.inis kcin.j carried into captivity. From this lime ii|. i.. ike end of the 2nd cent. n.C. the iiojinlation \\,i- keatkeii, with a small number of .lewisli ^cttkr-. \\ ko .iiiaclieil themselves to .lenis.ilcm .-ift. i tkc nimn from llie
Exile. About the vear ir,l. si II Ike kiotlier of
Judas Maccaha-ns j.ulsued ike Syiiali- to I'tule- mais, and on his way back hron:;lil tlie (iHlihean Jews and their property to Jiuhea (1 Mac 5-'"^). Some 60 years lat«r the whole state of affairs in (Jalilee was changed. According to Strabo, on the authority of tiniagenes (Jos. Ant. XIII. xi. 3),
GALILEE
Jpper
Aristobulus (i;.C. 104-103) cunquered much of Gali- Ire, anil .■<iin|.L'lleil {[„■ iiilialiilaiil.s I,, l.c cirfuiucised aii.i live ar,,u.lii.u I.. .l.-«isli laus. 'I'liis N»..rk had jiiohaMy Urrn aliva,lv lir.uuii l.y .luhii ll.yrcaiius (l;.U. li5-lu.:>). Ueiud al liis 'death bc(iueathed Galilee to Herod Aiitiijas, who succeeded after much opposition in having Ids legacy confirmed at Rome.
3. Extent. — The amount of territory covered by the name ' Galilee ' varied in different times. Ori- ginally it comprised the hilly and mountainous country to the nortli of the Plain of Esdraelon or the smaller plain of chl'iuttmif. Tlie boundaries were probably not A\ell delincd, but on the north it included Kedesh (.)os'JO''JF'-). It was later spoken of in two divisions— Upper and Lower Galilee (cf. Jth P, 1 Mae IS"-"), and in the Mislma is divided into three parts, these corresponding to the natural divisions of plain, hill-country, and mountain.
The boundaries of Galilee at the time of Christ are thus given by Josephus :
' Now PhcDnice and Syria surround the two Galilees, which are called Upper and Lower Galilee. They are bouuded on the VV. by the borders of the territory belonf^n^f to Ptolemais, and by Carmel, which mountain of old belonged to the Gahlieans, but now to the Tyrians ; and next it is Oaba (Jfbdta*), which is called "the city of horsemen," because those horsemen that were dismissed by Herod the king dwelt therein ; they are bounded on the S. by Samaria and Scythopolis, as far as the streams of the Jordan ; on the E. by Hippene (the district of Hippos, Susiyeli) and Gadaris (the district of Gadara, Uimii Keis), and also by Gaulanitis (Jauldn) and tiie borders of the kingdom of Agrippa ; and their N. parts are bounded by Tyre, and the country of the Tyrians. As for what is called Lower Galilee, it extends in length from Tiberias to Chabulon (Kdbiti), and Ptolemais is its neighbour on the coast ; and its breadth is from the village called Xaloth (Iksat), which lies in the gi plain, to Bersabe, from which beginning the breadth of Uf Galilee is also taken to the village Baca, which divides the land of the Tyrians from Galilee ; its length is also from Meloth (Meiron) to Thella (probably Tell Thala), a village near the ■ Jordan' (BJ in. iii. 1).