our and free in conversation ne ^^^y "?^
the laws regulating social customs sa,ucu.«.."-"- Anj breacu oi ui j, ,„„tters of ceremony, is
desires! and he will fall mto a paroxysm of lage over his 'broken honour ^„^
respect by_benain:- '^^~ ', | V jj^ „?in, at times, "^tlt^"^ -penor: a^ jaise it to Ins Low, One -tercedlng or^ano e OIK^^.^;.,,-^ bec"ing a favour (Mt 1» , V'" „„ „,„.. i;^.; ., ^.fe!e in token of utter submission one m.^U^.^
7Lk^1»r'oTt "lovfaVl e'stlfm of Mends TWs luinVwith a darker infamy the treachery of Judas
crowded street It ^|. »^ ^,^^11,,,^^, or men distin-
gation to salute To be ^ahit^ They merely
i-Tiorance or vulgarity, ine toiumu
GRIEF
GROWING
neither in this world nor in the next' (Doughty, Arabia Descrta, i. 503). Once Mr. Doughty was gravely imperilled because he 'had greeted with Salaam Aleyk, which they [the Arabs] will have to be a salutation of God's people only — the Moslemln ' (ib. ii. 369). If a Moslem by mistake give it to a non-Moslem, it should not be returned. On dis- covery the former may revoke it, as he does should a Moslem fail to return it, saying, ' Peace be on us and on the righteous woVshippcrs of God' (Lk 10=). The insecure lit.' nf ll.-l„,.« and Arab, ever exposed to alarm of wm oi iiilil>L'r raid, no doubt gave special meaning to the greeting ' Peace.'
At meeting of friends, greetings are lengthy and wearisome. Of the Arabs, Doughty observes, ' The long nomad greetings . . . are for the most, to say over a dozen times with bashful solemnity the same cheyf ent, cheyf ent, "How dost thou? and how heartily again?" ' {ib. i. 433). Dr. Mackie gives a good example of the more elaborate trilling of the Syrians {Bible Manners and Cnstmiis, p. 150). The phrases are set and conventional, the maximum of words conveying the minimum of meaning.
The Rabbis forbade one mourning for the dead to salute. Interruption of prayer was forbidden, even to salute a king, nay, to uncoil a serpent from the foot. The Rabins all agreed that, to avoid distraction, no one should be saluted im- mediately before prayer (Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus, ii. 137). The nature of the salutations indicated above sufficiently explains these restric- tions, and also enables us to understand the pro- hibition of Jesus, 'Salute no man by the way' (Lk IC). The urgency of that mission could brook no such delays. W. EwiNG.
GRIEF.— See Sorrow.
GRINDING.-See Mill.
GROANING.— See Sighing ; and Anger, p. 62".
GROWING.—
Under this term students of the Greek Testament have to do with only one word— and that a verb, xiU"i- The considera- tion of the corresponding substantive does not properly fonn the subject of inquiry in this Dictionary. Rare in classical literature, «.'iiy.tr,s is used only twice in the NT, viz. in Eph 416 and Col 2iy. The verb is, however, employed some twelve times within the four Gospels. It is a verb of exceedingly doubtful derivation, but probably is etymologically linked with the German tvachsen and our own wax ; less certainly with the Latin augeo. Its underlying meanin(? is that of additional size, bulk, or power. The normal usage of the verb in the Classics implies that such access comes from without, it is superimposed by some external agency. This significance lies both in the transitive and intransitive use of the verb, and affords, as will be seen, a striking contrast with its use in the Greek Testament. Quotations are not needful. The verb is employed by classical writers from Homer downwards to mark efforts to increase the power of the State or of a country, of special honour paid to parents, of the exaggerations of orators, of the waxing of the moon, of the noontide heat of the sun, of the height of the waves of the sea. Enough to say that in classical literature the verb marks an increase or addition to a person or thing brought about by external agency.
The Hebrew language is very rich in terms which signify 'growth.' There arc some 16 words, verbs and nouns sub- stantive, which bear this general meaning. It is enough to say here that they are capable of a single classification. One set of expressionscorrespondstootii^aka-in the sense already indicated ; the other, which is preponderant, marks * growth ' of the physi- cal order, seminal growth ; and is applied with a great wealth of illustration to the life of plants, trees, the brute creation, and of man himself. Every student of the Psalter or of the Prophetical books is aware of the word-pictures here in which the writers take delight, a delight which is spiritual more than intellectual, of the heart rather than the mind. The natural laws of physical development are by these writers boldly made to apply to the spiritual world. Jehovah, supreme in the one sphere, is supreme in the other. Growth is from within, but yet it is ' God who giveth the increase.'
When the student turns to the NT, and to the idea of growth which finds expression there, he finds that there is a greater affinity of conception between the inspired UTiters of both Testaments than there is between the writers of the NT and classical Greek writers. The affinity simply lies in the cora-