Besides the guest-chambers of private houses, there were, as there are now, in most villages one or more guest-chambers, provided and maintained at the public expense, for the accommodation of travellers who arrived in larger numbers than could be privately entertained. They were shelters for man and beast of a very simple kind. Some think that the ' inn ' of Bethlehem (Lk 2') was of this character, but others are of opinion that it was rather an inn under the care of a host, like the TavSoxe'Ov of Lk 10**.
LiTERATl'EE. — Hastings' DB, Encyc. BibL, art. 'House' ; Jetri ....
Trumbull, Studies in Oriental .Social Life, pp. 73-142; Van Lennep, Manmrs and Viistums in Bible Lands, pp. 442, 68911. ; Robinson, BRP^i. p. 80 f., ii. p. isfl. ; Lane, Modem Ei/i/P- tians, i. p. 6ff.; Expositor's Greek Testament, ad loc; Swete, Com. on Mark; Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, i. 664, ii. 206, 483, 493.
Charles S. MACALriNE. GUIDE.— 1. The word ' guide.'— In AV of Gospels the noun ' guide ' is found only in Mt 23"'- "', wliere it represents 65riy6s (lit. ' a leader of the way '). 6Ji)76! occurs also, however, in Mt 15'^ where RV has consistently substituted ' blind guides ' for 'blind leaders' of AV (cf. Ac 1'", Ro 2i»). As a verb, 'guide' in AV of Gospels represents two
GUILT
different words in the original, (a) ddriyiw (from 65?;76s) in Jn 16''. 65j)7^ai is found also in Mt IS", Lk 6=» (cf. Ac 8^', Kev 7"), but is there rendered 'lead' in AV, which RV again properly changes to 'guide.' (4) KaTei'Svuu (lit. 'to make straight'), which occurs only once in Gospels (Lk 1™ ; but cf. 1 Th 3", 2 Th 3^). An interesting contrast might be drawn between the false oSriyol, the 'blind leaders of the blind ' (Mt 15" 23'", Lk 6^'), and the true iSrjySs (who is also Himself ii 6S6s, Jn 14*), who came into the worUt to ' set our feet straight' into the way of peace (Lk 1™), who promised before His departure that He would send the Spirit of truth to guide His people into all the truth (Jn 16'^), and who will Himself hereafter 'guide them to life- giving springs of water' (Rev 7"). With Christ as oSjjyis of His people cf. the apxvyli^ of Ac 3'^ 5'', He 2'" 12=.
2. C/irist as our Guide. — To communities and to individuals, otherwise walking in darkness, Christ is their Guide, the Shepherd leading His sheep, the Light preceding His people. There can be only one Guide, — a man cannot follow the lodestar and also make for every flickering will-o'-the-wisp that allures and entices him. Christ has deliberately and finally claimed the guidance of mankind. He bade sincere aspirants after life follow, not the Law as such, nor even God as unincarnate, but Him-iclf, the Law-in-character and the God-in-man (Lk IS-", Mt le", Jn 12™). His guidance is to be universal in its scope (Jn I''- '), and will be sufficient in its nature (Jn 21'--). Without Him the mass of men are as sheep without a shepherd (Mt 9*^). He alone reveals God to man (Mt 11"), and so displays the goal of man's being. He taught, therefore, as one having unique authority (Mt 7-"), and rightly draws all men to Himself (Jn 12'-). He Himself, and no other conceivably or possibly, is the Way as well as tlie Truth and the Life (Jn 14«). Hence the warning : ' Take heed that no man lead you astray' (Mk 13'). And so, on the other hand, the impossibility of the Christian's seeking any other guidance, expressed in St. Peter's exclamation : 'Lord, to whom shall we go?' (Jn 6^). Of this sole claim and unique authority the three chosen disciples heard the ratification in the bewildering glory of the TransKguration : ' This is my beloved Sou : hear ye him ' (Mk 9'). This guida,nce Christ gives to His follower by His Holy Spirit, guiding into all the truth (Jn 16") ; and very especially through tlie Holy Scriptures, wliich tell of Him (Jn 5''), and whose meaning He can make plain (Lk 24"-«). Christ Himself ratified the guidance afforded by Scripture at crises of His life, in which example and precept were wedded together in indissoluble union, as in the Temptation, the Cleansing of the Temple, and on the Cross (Lk 4. 19*« 23^'=).
To put it in another way, the Father's will was Christ's will, even to the uttermost : ' Not what I will, but wliat thou wilt ' (Mk U'^). So Christ guides us to union with God, our true destiny ; through Him we come to the Father (Jn 14*). Hence His guidance is into peace (Lk 1'"), as the aged Zacharias felt and declared. It is the steady, unvarying guidance of the heart towards its Divine home, the love of God, as the name Inimnnuel suggests (Mt 1^). It is an absolute guidance, or no guidance (Lk 9"-*-).
W. B. Franklaxd.
GUILE.— See Deceit.
GUILT is the state of the sinner before God, whereby, becoming the object of God's ^^Tath, he incurs the debt and punishment of death. So closely are Sin, Guilt, and Death connected, both in the OT and NT, tliat tlie terms are almost interchangeable, and cai) be adequately discussed