Stirred by envy at the advancement of her brother Agrippa to royal dignity, Herodias per- suaded Herod, against his better judgment, to seek from Caligula a similar honour. When he came to Rome, however, Agrippa preferred charges against him, and called attention to the military supplies that had been collected by Herod. Herod was un- able to deny the existence of the supplies, and was banished by Caligula to Lyons in Gaul, probably in the summer of A.D. 39 (cf. Schiirer^, i. 448, n. 46 ; Madden, however. Coins, 122, gives the year 40). Herodias proudly refused the Emperor's generosity, and accompanied Iter husband in his banisliment (Ant. XVII. vii. 2 ; BJ II. ix. 6). Herod's tetrarchy was given to Agrippa.
3. Philip Philip was son of Herod the Great
and Cleopatra of Jerusalem. When Archelaus went to Rome to secure the ratification of his father's will, he left Philip in Jerusalem in charge of his afl'airs. Later, when Varus gave the Jews of Jerusalem permission to send an embassy to Rome to oppose Archelaus, Philip went also, at the sug- gestion of "Varus, to profit by whatever course events might take. When Augustus ratified Herod's will, Philip received Batanaea, Trachonitis, Auranitis, Gaulanitis, and the territory of Panias (Ant. XVII. ^^ii. 1, xi. 4, x\^II. iv. 6; BJ II. vi. 3). In Lk 3' the tenitoiy of Philip is described by the phrase, ' the region of Ituroea and Trachonitis' (T^s'Iroupolos Kal Tpaxuivinaos x^pa' ; cf- Schiirer^ i. 425, n. 23). The Trachonitis had on two occasions been colonized by Herod the Great — once with three thousand liumEeans, and again with Jewish warriors from Babylon (Ant. xvi. ix. 2, xvil. ii. 1-3). But the "ation of Philip's territory was chiefly Gentile, s, unlike those of his brothers, bearing the image of the Emperor. Philip rebuilt Panias, and called it Cecsarca in honour of Augustus, and also Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee, calling it Julius after the Emperor's daughter. His reign was a mild and peaceful one. He lived in his own country and administered justice as he travelled from place to place (Ant. xvill. iv. 6). He married his niece Salome, daughter of Herodias and Herod Philip (Ant. XVIII. v. 4). The Gospels narrate a journey of Jesus into the territory- of Philip when He went north from Galilee into the region of Caesarea Phil- inpi (Mk 8", Mt 16"'; cf. C.ESAREA PhILIPPI). Philip died in the year 33 or 34, in the twentietli vear of Tiberius, ha\'ing reigned thirty-seven years. His territory was added to the province of S-yria, but was given shortly afterwards by Caligula to Agrippa. See also art. Herodias.
1 i . [ nry full citation of literature] ; Hausrath,
/ , i. 207fl. ; O. Holtmiann, Seutest. Zeitgc-
It. : \:v_^f. Hint, of the Jewish People. Udfi.;Umt-
s 0/ Christ ; Farrar, The Bends ; S. Mathews, Hiit.
popula
HERODIANS
HIGH PRIEST
of NT Times, lUOff. ; Mommsen, Roman Provinces, ii. lS9ff. ; Kwald, HI V. 395 ff.; Griitz, Hist, of the J^ws, ii. 67 ff.; de Saulov, Hist. d'Hi'mdc; Wellhausen, IJG^ 323 ff. ; Keim in Sclieiikel's Blbd-lfxikon, iii. 27ff. ; Westcott in Smitli's DB\ ii. 1048 ff. ; Sieflert, art. 'Herodes' in PRES; Hausleiter, art. ■ Antipas,' ib.; von Dobschiitz, art. ' Philippus der Tetrarcli,' ib.; Woodhouse in Emuc Bibl. ii. 2023 ff. ; Headlam in Hastings' /)/} ii. 353 ft.; J. D. Davis, DE. artt. 'Herod,' 'Philip'; W. .Milwitzkv, art. 'Antipas' in Je.wisli Encj/c.; I. Broyd6, art. ' Herod,' ib. ; S. Ocliser, art. ' Philip,' ib.
W. P. Aemsteong.
HERODIiNS ('Hpyoiavol). — Apart from the Aveakly attested reading in Mk 8'% the Herodians are mentioned but three time.s in the NT and on only two occasions, Mt 22"' being parallel with Mk 12'=. The name 'HpvSiapol does not occur in Josephus. In BJ I. xvi. 6 the form 'Hpi^Seioi is used of the party of Herod, and in Ant. xiv. xv. lu the phrase oi ri 'RpipSov tppovouvTcs iicrurs (c-f. also Ant. XIV. vii. 4). (For the formation in -lai-os liki- Xpu7Tiaii6s, cf. Blass, Acta Apo.i. 136. a mm. of M Greek, § 27, 4 ; Hamack, Mission, u. A tisb. d. (Jkrkt. 294 tf. ; Etym. Magn. s.v. 'Hpif.Siai'ds).
If the party of Ilerod in Josephus be the same as the Herodians of the XT (cf. O. Holtzmann, Neiitest. Zeitgcsch. 157 f., but, on the other hand, Cheyne, Encyc. Bibl. ii. 2034), then the origin of the party must be sought in the time of Herod the Great. This view of the origin of the jiarty will also deter- mine our conception of its ll:il nil'. T( <;il tli:uc'
been a religious sect or party lil.i' iIh' rii,n i--i(s (h Sadducees, but was most pr(ili,il.l\ :i iiuliiiml |.:niy composed of the adherents .m^l , nppoi tri^ d tin- Herodian dynasty. Frmn llir cciiiiliiu.'itiiui i<i tin- Pharisees with tlie ll,Mn.|i,,n, (\lk :;'). .ui.l tli.'ii common action in .li'i u-;:il'iii (\li ■_'!!"■. Mk II"'), it is not unlikely that tin' lli'r.iili:iii p.iily whs coi;!- posed principally of SaiMiic^ 8"5 witli Mt 16«). Aft.r t! Great, the deposition of Ai lishment of Koman inio in purposes of the
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