The use of cdpKLvos in such cases, however, is not to be taken as lending any support to the view that St. Paul recognized in the body the source and principle of sin. The language he uses in Gal 5^^*-, 1 Co 3* suggests rather that his contrast of 'carnal' and 'spiritual' (Ro 8^*-) is equivalent to the contrast he elsewhere makes of ' natural ' and ' spiritual ' (I Co 2'2^-)- The ' carnal mind ' or ' mind of the flesh ' is the mind which is not sub- ject to the law of God (Ro 8') because it has not received the Spirit of God (1 Co 2'2- "). gee, further. Flesh, Body.
LiTERATtTRB.— H. Cremer, Lex. of NT Gree.k^, Edinburgh, 1880, and R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the }iT^, London, 1876, s.vv. crapKLKoi;, crapKii'os ; Comm. of Alford and Meyer on passages referred to ; J. Laidlaw, Bible Doct. of Man, new ed., Edinburgh, 1895, oh. vi. ; Sanday-Headlam, Romans^ (.ICC, 1902), pp. 181, 412 ; H. B. Swete, The Holij Spirit in the NT,
1909, pp. 190, 214. J. c. Lambert.
CARPUS (KapTTos). — Carpus was an inhabitant of Troas in whose house St. Paul probably lodged on his last journey to Rome. St. Paul writes from his prison to Timothy, and asks him to bring the cloak, books, and parchments which he had left at Troas with Carpus (2 Ti 4}% Possibly the Apostle was arrested in Troas and compelled to leave these articles behind. Notliing further is known with any certainty regarding Carpus. The name is Greek, but his nationality is un- known. He is supposed by later tradition to have been one of ' the Seventy,' and the Greek Church honours his memory on May 26, the Roman and Syrian Churches on October 13. Both Hippolytus and Dorotlieus include his name in their lists of the Seventy, and report tliat he became bishop of Berythus or Beroea in Thrace [Acta Sanctorum, May 26, Oct. 13 ; Menologion, May 26 ; N. Nilles, Kalendarium Manuale, Innsbruck, 1896, i. 165, 461). W.F.Boyd.
CASTAWAY. — This word has disappeared from the RV (1 Co 9^^), and its place has been taken by ' rejected ' (d56/ct/ios). The word is the negation of ddKifios, ' acceptable,' ' accepted after trial,' and means 'unacceptable,' 'rejected after trial,' as in the LXX Is V^ there is found ' your silver is re- jected ' (r6 dpyipiov vfj.Qv adoKifiov). St. Paul, how- ever, somewhat extends the metaphor, for the context shows that the ancient games, or, as he is writing to Corinthians, the Isthmian games, are in his mind. He contemplates the possibility of rejection, after having been successful in the contest, for not having contended in accordance with the rules. It would be distressing in the extreme after all his exacting training and liLs arduous struggle to be found by the umpire dis- qualified for neglect of the conditions. To have preached to others, and yet, through lack of Chris- tian watchfulness, to have allowed the flesh to re-assert the mastery and so to become a castaway, to be rejected in the final scrutiny, is a possibility which urges the Apostle himself to more arduous exertions and lends earnestness to his appeal to the Corinthians. For an apposite parallel see 2 Clement, vii. See also art. Assubance.
T. NiCOL. CASTLE. — The word irape/tjSoXi}, translated 'castle' six times in Acts, meant in the Mace- donian dialect an encampment, and in the LXX it is used for the camp of the Israelites in the desert (Ex 29", etc.). In the vivid narrative of St. Paul's arrest in Jerusalem (Ac 21. 22) it probably denotes the barracks of the Roman soldiers who were stationed at the castle of Antonia, though the RV as well as the AV identifies it with the castle itself. The history of this fort goes back to the time of Nehemiah, who speaks of procuring ' timber to make beams for the castle (the Birah) which ap- pertains to the house ' (2^ ; cf . 7^). Probably on the same site John Hyrcanus, high priest from 135 to 105 B.C., built the Hasmonaean castle, which Josephus calls 'Baris'(-4n#. XV. xi. 4 ; BJl. xxi. 1). ' When Herod became king, he rebuilt that castle, which was very conveniently situated, in a magnifi- cent manner, and because he was a friend of An- tonius, he called it by the name of Antonia' {Ant. XVIII. iv, 3). Situated at the corner of the north and west cloisters of the Temple, it commanded, especially from its lofty S.E. tower, a view of the whole sacred precincts, while two staircases (dva- ^ad/xoL, Ac 21^^ Karalida-fLS, Jos. BJ V. v. 8) led down from it to the cloisters ; and in the Roman period the soldiers of the cohort (<nre?pa), which was alway.s stationed in the city, ' went several ways among the cloisters, with their arms, on the Jewish festi- vals, in order to keep watch over the people ' (Jos. loc. cit.).
The narrator of St. Paul's arrest was evidently well acquainted with this locality, and he graphi- cally reproduces the details of the scene. News of a Temple riot — no uncommon occurrence — came up {dvi^Tj (pdcTis) to the commander of the cohort (xt^iapxos, ' military tribune ' RVm), who at once took soldiers and ran down (Karidpafiev) to the fana- tical crowd, probably just in time to prevent blood- shed (Ac 21^1- 2-). As St. Paul was about to be conducted up one of the staircases leading to the barracks, he was swept ofl" his feet by the rising human tide, and had literally to be carried out of danger by the soldiers ; but, recovering himself on tiie upper steps, he asked and obtained permission to address the baffled and still raging crowd, who turned a sea of angry faces upon him from below. His beckoning hand and his Aramaic speech secured a temporary silence, which enabled him to tell his vast audience the story of his conversion, but he could not get beyond the fatal word ' Gen- tiles ' (22^'), and, leaving behind him a yelling mob,