J. Alfred Faulkner.
SALYATION.SAYE, SAVIOUR.— 1. Words refer- ring to salvation i n the NT outside tlie Gospels
(for Gospels see DCG ii. 5.j'2-5.57, 571-573). — awidf ('to save') is trenorall}' used for spiritual deliver- ance. The e.\eeptii)ns in the Acts are4'' 14", where it is used for healing from bodily intiruiity, and 2720. 31^ where it is used for deliverance from ship- wreck. In the other passages in the Acts (2"- ■" 412 J1I4 151. 11 If,™- 31) it is used to denote spiritual deliverance. The link between the two meanings may be seen in the quotation from Jl 3' (Heb. ; 2^'^ Eng.) cited in Ac 2" ; cf. Ro 10'^ acifci;/ refers to the deliverance from Egypt in Jude*; to de- liverance from death in He 5' ; to spiritual deliver- ance in Ro S"- '» S-'" 9-' lO"- '» ll"--«, I Co V^-"- 3" 56 716 9^2 1033 152^ 2 Co 2'^ Eph 2'" «, 1 Th 2'«, 2 Th 2'», 1 Ti 1'= 2^- •» 4'", 2 Ti 1M'«, Tit 3', He 7^, Ja 121 2'4 4'2 5™. 1 P 3-'4i», Jude=». In Ja 5" ('the prayer of faith shall save him that is sick') aw^eiv is interpreted of bodily healing by many commen- tators ; but the general context of a chapter which as a whole relates to what is spiritual, the im- mediate context associating forgiveness of sins with the particular command ('and, if he have committed sins, it shall be forgiven him'), and the use of the word ' healed ' in the next verse to denote healing from sin, concur to indicate that here also the word, as usually in the Epistles, means spiritual deliverance. Any difficulty in understanding iydpa in ' the Lord shall raise him up ' of spiritual succour is less than that of ex- plaining ' the prayer of faith shall save ' of bodily healing in this context.
(tuitt;/) ('saviour'), used in the Gospels for God (Lk !■") and Christ (Lk 2", Jn A*'^), similarly in the Acts and the Epistles refers to God in 1 Ti P 2^ 4", Tit 1'2'» 3^ Jude^S; and to Christ in Ac 5'' 13^, Eph S'^ ('the saviour of the body'), Ph Z^, 2 Ti 1", Tit 1* 2''' 3", 2 P !'• " 2=» 3-'- '», 1 Jn 4'"'.
aoiTtipia ('salvation'), used in the Gospels for spiritual deliverance in general, but connected with the idea of salvation through the Messiah (Lk 1«^- "• " 19", Jn 4-), occurs for the deliverance from Egypt in Ac 7'"*, for deliverance from death in shipwreck in Ac 27^'', for the deli^■erance of Noah in He 11'. It is used for spiritual deliverance in Ac 4'= 13=«- ■" 16", Ro 1'" 10'- "> 11" 13", 2 Co 1" en'", Eph I'3, Ph l'"-** 2'2, 1 Th 58-', 2 Th 2'^ 2Ti2'»3'^Hel"2'• '"o'e'Q^*, 1 P p. 9-102^ 2 P3'^ Jude*. Eleven (Ro 10' 1.3", Ph I" 2'2, 1 Th S^- », 2 Ti 21", He 1" 5» 9-», 1 P 1" 2-) of these instances refer to the future and ultimate salvation ; the other instances refer, at any rate partly, to the salvation in this life. In Rev 7'° ( ' Salvation unto our God which sitteth on the throne, and unto the Lamb') 12'" (' Now is come the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ') 19' ('Salvation, and glory, and power, belong to our God'), there is a special way of using the word.
<7uiT-ripi.ov ('salvation'), used in the Gospels for spiritual deliverance through the Incarnation (Lk 2*" 3'), occurs in St. Paul's speech in Ac 28^ for spiritual deliverance through the Incarnation, and in Eph 6" for spiritual deliverance, the future being largely in view. In Lk 2^» 3', Ac 28'-^ it is from Is 40» 52'» (LXX) ; in Eph 6" it is from Is 59" (LXX).
(ToiTij/jios ('bringing salvation') occurs in Tit 2" for spiritual deliverance through the Incarnation.
2. Connexion of NX words with OT words.—
The analogous words in the OT are used for ex- ternal deliverance, for a combination of external and spiritual deliverance, and very rarely for spiritual deliverance simply. The new feature in the NT is the frequent application to spiritual deliverance simply and to the su|ireme spiritual deliverance through the Incarnation. In the OT the verb I'v; (ydshd), meaning etymologically ' width,' ' spaciousness,' ' freedom from constraint,' usually denotes external deliverance; see, e.g., Dt '20^ Jg 3^', 1 S lU", Ps 28", Hos 1' ; it denotes spiritual deliverance in Ezk 36* 37'-^. The noun !\)fvs' {y'shii-Cth) is used for external deliverance in, e.g.', Ex 14'», 1 S 14", Ps 3*, Jon 2», for the cognate sense of welfare or prosperity in Job 30'°, and for a combination of external and spiritual deliverance in, e.g., Is 122- » 45" 49« 51»- » 52'- '» 56', Ps 67" 98^, though possibly some of these are instances of spiritual deliverance simply. The noun nj;?a'ip [t'shfidh) is used for external deliverance in, .t.g., Jg 15'», 1 S 11"- '», Ps 37^", and for a combination of external and spiritual deliverance in Is 45" 46'^, Ps 40'°- '* 51''', though possibly in some of these instances for spiritual deliverance simply. The noun yp' [yeshd) is used for external deliverance in, e.g., Hab 3'^ Ps 12= 18=- '=• *«, for the cognate sense of preserved security in Job 5'- ", and for a combination of external and spiritual deliverance in, e.g., Mic V, Hab 3", Ps 24= 25= 51'=, though possiljly Ps 51'- may refer to spiritual deliverance simply. The noun n;;(^iD (moshaah) occurs in Ps 68=" only ; it there denotes, at any rate chiefly, external deliverance. (For the use of the Hebrew words see S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, 1890, pp. 90, 91 [^913, pp. 118, 119]; The Parallel Psalter'^, 1904, pp. 455, 456.)