2. (Sept. 'Ac«//, but most copies omit; Vulg. .1 dom.) A city at some distance from the Jordan, to which (according to the test, C~N2, in Adam), or beyond which (according to the margin, ~7^> "from Adam," as in our version^, the overflow of the waters of that stream extended in its annual inundation, at the time when the Israelites passed over (Josh, iii, 1G). The name of the city (red) may have been derived from the alluvial clay in the vicinity (comp. 1 Kings vii, 4G). It has been incorrectly inferred from the above text that the city Adam was located east of the river, whereas it is expressly stated to have been beside (~E"C) Zarcthan (q. v.), which is known to have been on the west bank, not far from Bethshean (1 Kings iv, 12). It hence appears that the " heap" or accumu- lation of waters above the Israelites' crossing-place, caused by the stoppage of the stream, reached back on the shore and many miles up the river, over the sec- ondary banks of the Ghor, on which Zarethan stood, as far as the higher ground on which Adam was lo- cated (see Keil, Comment, in loe.) ; probably the ridge immediately north of Bethshean, which closes the plain of the Jordan in this direction.
Adam of Bremen, born in Upper Saxony, came to Bremen in 1067, and was made magister scholarum in 1069 — hence often named Magister. He died about the year 1076. (See Asmussen, De fontilus Adami firemen*. Kilion. 1834.) He wrote the Ges'a Ilommen- burgensis ecclesiee pontificum, which is our chief source of information for the Church history of Northern Europe from 788 to 1072, the period over which it ex- tends. The best edition is that of Lappenberg, in the Monumenta Germanice (ed. Pertz, torn, vii, p. 266 389 I : also published separately. " in usum scholarum" (Han- over, 1846). The best treatise on his life, his trust- worthiness as a historian, and his sources of informa- tion, is the introduction of Lappenberg to his edition. Corrections of some of his statements may be found in
V. Comm. Sjc. Goett. I, ii, 12G sq. ; and in Staphorst, Hist. Eccles. Hamburg.
Adam, Melchior, born in Silesia, obtained about 1G00 the headship of a college, and finally a professor- ship in the University of Heidelberg. His chief works are Vitce Germanorum Philosophorum, Theologorum, etc. (Heidelberg, lG15-'20, 4 vols. 8vo), and Decades dues continentes vitas Theologorum erterorum Principum (Franc. 1G18, 8vo), published together, under the title Dign man laude virorum immortaUias (Francf. 1653, 5 vols. 8vo, and 17n6. fob) — a great repository, from which compilers of church history and of biographical dictionaries have since drawn their materials. He died in 1622 at Heidelberg.
Adam, Thomas, born at Leeds, 1701, was rector of Wintringham, England, fifty-eight years, and died 1784. He was a sensible and voluminous writer: his "Works" (Lond. 1822, 3 vols. 8vo) contain a Para- phrase on the Romans, Lectures on the Church Catechism, and a number of Sermons. His Life, with his Exposi- tion of the Gospels, was published in London in 1837 (2 vols. 8vo).
Ad'amall (Heb. Adamah', ft'2'1 X, ground, as oft- en ; Sept. 'Acapi v. r. 'ApfiaiS, Vulg. Edema), a forti- fied city of Naphtali, 'mentioned between Chinnereth and Eamah (Josh, xix, 36) ; probably the same as Adami (q. v.) of the same tribe (ver. 33). Schwarz, however (Palest, p. 183), thinks it is the present vil- lage Duma, situated, according to him, 5 English miles W.N.W. from Safed ; but no such name is given by other travellers.
Adamannus or Adamnanus, a Scoto-Irish priest and monk, made in G79 abbot of Hy. In 701 he was sent on a mission to Alfred, king of Northumber- land, and on his return endeavored in vain to induce his countrymen to observe Easter after the Roman fashion, which he had learned in England. He then passed over into Ireland, where he persuaded nearly all the people to follow the Roman custom. From Ireland he returned to Hy, and having again tried, but with as little success, to bring his monks round to his newly-adopted views, he died there, aged 80, in 704. He edited a Life of St. Columba, in three books, which is given by Canisius, torn, v, part ii, p. 562 (or in the new ed. torn, i, p. 680); also De Locis Terras Sanctce, libri 3, published by Serarius, at Ingolstadt, 1619, and by Mabillon, in his Scec. Bened. iii, part ii, p. 502. He is also said to have written a book, De Pascha'e Legitimo, and some canons. See Sir James Ware's Irish Writers, lib. i, cap. iii, p. 35. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 679 ; Bede, Hist. lib. v, cap. xvi.
Adamant, a term vaguely used to describe any very hard stone, and employed in the Auth. Vers, in Ezek. iii, 9; Zech. vii, 12, as the rendering of — ~r (shamir'), elsewhere (Jer. xvii, 1) rendered diamond (q. v.). 'ASdpag, Ecclus. xvi, 16, in some copies.
Ad'ami (Heb. Adami' ,'"^, reddish ; Sept.'Aft/i- iii, Vulg. Adami), a city near the border of Naphtali, mentioned between Zaanaim and Nekeb (Josh, xix, 33). The best interpreters (e. £. Rosenmuller, Keil, in loc.) join this with the following name, Nekeb (-prn, i. q. in the hollar ; so the Vulg. qua est Nea b, but the Sept. distinguishes them,r«« NdwjS), as if an epithet of the same place ; although the Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah, lxx, 1) makes them distinct, and calls the former Damin ( *~~~% which Schwarz (Palest. p. 181) supposes identical with a " village Dami 5 Eng- lish miles west of the S.W. point of the Sea of Tibe- rias," mean in-; the ruined site Dameh (Robinson, Re- searches, iii, 237), falling on the limits of Naphtali. See Tribe. The place appears to be the same else- where (Josh. xix. 36) called Adamah (q. v.). and the enumeration in ver. 38 requires the collocation Adami- nekeb as one locality. See Nekeb.